Landolt-Brnstein Group III
: Condensed Matter
Volume 12 

Magnetic and Other Properties of Oxides and Related Compounds 
Subvolume B Part B
: Spinels, Fe Oxides, and Fe-Me-O Compounds

Introductory material 
3 
Fe oxides and Fe-Me-O compounds (R. LEFEVER) 1

3.0 
Introduction 1

3.0.1 
General remarks 1

3.0.2 
List of frequently used symbols and abbreviations 1

3.1 
Fe oxides 2

3.1.1 
Wstite FexO and wstite with substitutions 2

3.1.1.1 
Data 2

3.1.1.2 
References for 3.1.1 6

3.1.2 
Hematite alpha-Fe2O3, and hematite with substitutions 7

3.1.2.1 
Data 7

3.1.2.2 
References for 3.1.2 19

3.1.3 
Maghemite gamma-Fe2O3 21

3.1.3.1 
Data 21

3.1.3.2 
References for 3.1.3 26

3.2 
Fe-Me-O compounds 27

3.2.1 
Data 27

3.2.2 
References for 3.2 51

4 
Spinels 54

4.0 
Structure table of spinels (H. VON PHILIPSBORN, L. TREITINGER) 54

4.1 
Fe3+ spinels 55

4.1.1 
Fe2+-Fe3+, spinels (magnetite)and Fe2+-Fe3+ spinels with substitutions (R. LEFEVER) 55

4.1.1.0 
Introduction 55

4.1.1.0.1 
Special remarks 55

4.1.1.0.2 
List of frequently used symbols and abbreviations 55

4.1.1.1 
Summary of physical and magnetic properties 58

4.1.1.2 
Magnetic order and magnetization 59

4.1.1.3 
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy 61

4.1.1.4 
Magnetostriction and elastic constants 62

4.1.1.5 
Nuclear magnetic resonance
64 
4.1.1.6 
Mssbauer data
65 
4.1.1.7 
Optical and thermal properties
74 
4.1.1.8 
Electrical properties
77 
4.1.1.9 
Phase diagrams
84 
4.1.1.10 
References for 4.1.1.0 - 4.1.1.9
84 
4.1.2 
Ni-Fe3+ spinels (Ni ferrite) and Ni-Fe3+
 spinels with substitutions (T.R. MCGUIRE) 88 
4.1.2.0 
List of frequently used symbols and abbreviations 88

4.1.2.1 
Ni ferrite NiFe2O4 89

4.1.2.2 
Ni ferrite with Zn substitutions 99

4.1.2.3 
Ni ferrite with Co substitutions 111

4.1.2.4 
Ni ferrite and Ni ferrite aluminate with dilute Mn and Co substitutions (see Vol. 4B) 
4.1.2.5 
Ni ferrite with Ge substitutions (see Vol. 4B) 
4.1.2.6 
Ni ferrite chromite 113

4.1.2.7 
Ni ferrite vanadate (see Vol. 4B) 
4.1.2.8 
Ni ferrite aluminate 115

4.1.2.9 
Ni ferrite gallate (see Vol. 4B) 
4.1.2.10 
Ni ferrite with Cu substitutions 116

4.1.2.11 
Ni ferrite with Ti substitutions 116

4.1.2.12 
Ni ferrite with Sn substitutions 117

4.1.2.13 
Ni indate ferrite 118

4.1.2.14 
Ni ferrite with Mn substitutions 118

4.1.2.15 
Ni ferrite with Ru substitutions 119

4.1.2.16 
Ni ferrite scandate 119

4.1.2.17 
References for 4.1.2 119

4.1.3 
Mn-Fe3+ , spinels (Mn ferrites) and Mn-Fe3+ spinels with substitutions 122

(M.
 PAULUS, R. VAUTIER)
4.1.3.0 
List of frequently used symbols and abbreviations 122

4.1.3.1 
Phase equilibria and structure 123

4.1.3.1.1 
Phase equilibria 123

4.1.3.1.2 
Equilibrium oxygen partial pressure 126

4.1.3.1.3 
Lattice constants 129

4.1.3.1.4 
Ionic distribution 132

4.1.3.1.5 
Mssbauer data or spin arranoements 132

4.1.3.2 
Thermal properties 133

4.1.3.2.6 
Solid state crystal growth 134

4.1.3.2.7 
Reactivity and sintering 135

4.1.3.3 
Mechanical properties 135

4.1.3.3.1 
Elastic properties 136

4.1.3.3.2 
Hardness 136

4.1.3.4 
Electrical properties 136

4.1.3.4.1 
Electrical resistivity 137

4.1.3.4.4 
Seebeck effect 140

4.1.3.5 
Spontaneous magnetization 140

4.1.3.5.1 
Saturation moment at 0 K 141

4.1.3.5.2 
Magnetization as a function of temperature 142

4.1.3.5.4 
Curie temperatures 142

4.1.3.5.5 
Exchange interaction 144

4.1.3.6 
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy 144

4.1.3.6.2 
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Mn ferrites with substitutions 145

4.1.3.6.4 
Magnetic annealing 146

4.1.3.7 
Domain and domain walls (see Vol. 4B) 
4.1.3.8 
Response of magnetization to a field 147

4.1.3.8.3 
Permeability variation with composition, impurities, irradiation and grain size 148

4.1.3.8.4 
Permeability vs. temperature 149

4.1.3.8.7 
After-effect, disaccommodation, and viscosity 150

4.1.3.8.8 
Coercive force 153

4.1.3.8.9 
Losses 154

4.1.3.9 
Microwave properties 155

4.1.3.9.1 
Resonance linewidth 155

Optical properties 156

References for 4.1.3 158

Mg-Fe3+ spinels (Mg ferrites) and Mg-Fe3+ spinels with substitutions 160

(M.
 SUGIMOTO)List of frequently used symbols and abbreviations 160

Mg ferrite MgFe2O4 162

Mg ferrite and Mg-Fe mixed oxides 166

Other ferrite systems containing Mg 167

Systems containing Mn2+ 167

Systems containing Zn2+ and Cd2+ 168

Systems containing Cu2+ 170

Systems containing Ni2+ 170

Systems containing Co2+ 172

Other systems containing trivalent and higher valency cations (See also Appendix) 173

References for 4.1.4.1 - 4.1.4.3 175

Zn-Fe3+ spinels (Zn ferrites) and Zn-Fe3+, spinels with substitutions 176

Zn ferrite ZnFe2O4 (See also Appendix) 176

Zn ferrite and Zn-Fe mixed oxides (See also Appendix) 179

Zn-Ni, Zn-Ni-Co, Zn-Co, Zn-Ni-Cu and Zn-Ti ferrites (See also Appendix) 181

References for 4.1.5.1 - 4.1.5.3 185

Li-Fe3+ spinels (Li ferrites) and Li-Fe3+ spinels with substitutions 186

Tables and figures (See also Appendix)
References for 4.1.6.1
Cu-Fe3+ spinels (Cu ferrites) and Cu-Fe3+
General remarks
Cu ferrite CuFe2O4 (See also Appendix)
Cu-Zn and Cu-Cd ferrites

186 
189 


spinels with substitutions 190 
190 
190 
208 


Cu-Mn ferrites and those containing other oxides 210

Cu-Ni ferrites and those containing other oxides 222

Cu-Li ferrites and those containing other oxides 225

Other ferrites systems containing Cu (See also Appendix) 228

References for 4.1.7.1 - 4.1.7.6 230

Co-Fe3+ spinels (Co ferrites) and Co-Fe3+ spinels with substitutions 232

Co ferrite CoFe2O4 (See also Appendix) 232

Co ferrite and Co-Fe mixed oxides 245

Co-Zn, Co-Cd ferrites 251

Co-Mn, Co-Ni, Co-Ti and other ferrites (See also Appendix) 265

References for 4.1.8.1 - 4.1.8.4 282

Chromium spinels 285

Introduction and comparative data (H. VON PHILIPSBORN, L. TREITINGER) 285

List of frequently used symbols and abbreviations 285

Comments on data 288

Data acquisition and processing 288

Data arraying and retrieval 289

Comments on material 289

Occurrence of chromium spinels 289

Versatile properties in science and technology 289

Crystal chemistry 290



4.2.0.3.4

Materials preparation and characterization 291 
4.2.0.4

ACr2X4 data, compared 294 
4.2.0.5

References for 4.2.0.4 316 
4.2.1

Chromium oxide spinels of Li, Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd. 318 
4.2.1.0

Locating of the data 318 
4.2.1.0.1

Survey of contents 318 
4.2.1.0.2

Quotation tables 321 
4.2.1.1

ACr2O4 data, compared 322 
4.2.1.2

(Li, A) (Cr, B)2O4 324 
4.2.1.3

Mg-Cr spinels 330 
4.2.1.3.1

MgCr2O4 330 
4.2.1.3.2

Mg-Cr spinels with substitutions 337 
4.2.1.4

Mn-Cr spinels 344 
4.2.1.4.1

MnCr2O4 344 
4.2.1.4.2

Mn-Cr spinels with substitutions 347 
4.2.1.5

Fe-Cr spinels 354 
4.2.1.5.1 
Crystallographic and thermodynamic properties (including neutron diffraction) 
(H.
 VON PHILIPSBORN, L. TREITINGER)
4.2.1.5.1.1 
FeCr2O4 354

4.2.1.5.1.2 
Fe-Cr spinels with Ni substitutions 356

4.2.1.5.1.3 
Chromite-magnetite solid solutions 357

4.2.1.5.1.4 
Fe(Cr, B)2O4 with B = Al or Ti 362

4.2.1.5.2

Magnetic and related properties 364 
4.2.1.5.3

Electrical properties 370 
4.2.1.6

Co-Cr spinels 373 
4.2.1.6.1

Crystallographic and thermodynamic properties 373 
4.2.1.6.2

Magnetic properties 375 
4.2.1.6.3

Electrical properties 379 
4.2.1.7

Ni-Cr spinels 379 
4.2.1.7.1

Crystallographic, elastic and thermodynamic properties 379 
4.2.1.7.2

Magnetic and related properties 387 
4.2.1.8

Cu-Cr spinels 391 
4.2.1.8.1

Crystallographic properties 391 
4.2.1.8.2

Other properties 394 
4.2.1.9

Zn-Cr spinels 396 
4.2.1.9.1

Crystallographic and elastic properties (including neutron diffraction) 396 
4.2.1.9.2

Magnetic and optical properties 398 
4.2.1.10

References for 4.2.1.0. - 4.2.1.9 401 
4.2.2

Chromium sulfide, selenide and telluride spinels of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn 405 
4.2.2.0

Locating of the data 405 
4.2.2.0.1

Survey of contents 405 
4.2.2.0.2

Quotation tables 408 
4.2.2.1

(A,B)Cr2X4 spinels, compared 409 
4.2.2.1.1

Crystal synthesis and thermodynamics 409 
4.2.2.1.2

Lattice parameters, magnetic and electrical properties 413 
4.2.2.1.3

Comparison of some properties of A-site ordered spinels 417 
4.2.2.2

Cu-Cr spinels 419 
4.2.2.2.1

Crystallographic and thermodynamic properties (magnetic structures included) 419 
(H.
 VON PHILIPSBORN, L. TREITINGER)
Pure compounds CuCr2X4 419

Cu-Cr spinels with anion substitutions 421

Cu-Cr spinels with cation substitutions 424

Magnetic properties (magnetic structures, see 4.2.2.2.1) 427

Pure compounds CuCr2X4 427

Cu-Cr spinels with anion substitutions 432

Cu-Cr spinels with A-cation substitutions 435

Cu-Cr spinels with B-cation substitutions 436

NMR and Mssbauer spectroscopy 439

Optical properties 442

Electrical properties 443

Pure compounds CuCr2X4 443

Cu-Cr spinels with anion substitutions 444

Cu-Cr spinels with cation substitutions 445

Mn-, Fe-, Co-Cr spinels 448

Crystallographic and thermodynamic properties (magnetic structures included) 448

Magnetic properties (magnetic structures, see 4.2.2.3.1) 453

Pure compounds Mn-, Fe-, Co-Cr2S4 453

Mn-, Fe-, Co-Cr spinels with anion substitutions 455

Mn-, Fe-, Co-Cr spinels with cation substitutions 456

NMR and Mssbauer spectroscopy 463

Optical properties 469

Pure compounds Mn-, Fe-, Co-Cr2S4 469

Mn-, Fe-, Co-Cr spinels with cation substitutions 472

Electrical properties 475

Pure compounds Mn-, Fe-, Co-Cr2S4 475

Mn-, Fe-, Co-Cr spinels with cation substitutions 480

Zn-Cr spinels 483

Crystallographic properties (magnetic structures included) 483

Lattice parameters
Neutron diffraction
Magnetic properties
Pure compounds ZnCr2X4
Zn-Cr spinels with substitutions
Optical properties
Electrical properties

483 
484 
487 
487 
490 
494 
498 
501


References for 4.2.2.0 - 4.2.2.4 
Chromium sulfide and selenide spinels of Cd and Hg 505

(H.
 VON PHILIPSBORN, M. RUBINSTEIN, L. TREITINGER)Locating of the data 505

Survey of contents 505

Quotation tables 506

Crystallographic and thermal properties 507

Preparation 507

Phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties 510

Lattice parameter, anion parameter, R-value 514

Lattice dynamics 518

Magnetic properties 520

Ordering temperatures and exchange interaction 520


Magnetization 523

Susceptibilities (photoferromagnetism included) 527

Magnetostriction 530

Magnetic resonance and torque measurements 531

Mssbauer spectroscopy 539

Optical properties 540

Refractive index 540

Transmission and absorption spectra in the band gap region 540

Band gap and level schemes 549

Luminescence and other photoinduced effects 554

Magnetooptical effects 556

(Faraday, Kerr, magnetocircular dichroism, reflectance circular dichroism)
Reflectance and thermoreflectance spectra 561

Raman and IR phonon spectra
Electrical properties
Conductivity
Hall effect
Seebeck effect
Photoconductivity
Band structure
ac conductivity
Magnetoresistance
Junctions
Switching
References for 4.2.3.0 - 4.2.3.4

565 
578 
578 
585 
587 
588 
593 
593 
594 
602 
609 
610 


Further spinels (D. BONNENBERG, K.A. HEMPEL) 614

List of symbols and abbreviations 614

V spinels and V spinels with substitutions 615

V spinels containing V3+ 615

V spinels containing V4+ 625

V spinels containing V5+ 626

VspinelscontainingbothV3+ and V4+ ions 627

Ge spinels and Ge spinels with substitutions 634

Rh spinels and Rh spinels with substitutions 641

References for 4.3.1 - 4.3.3 650

Al spinels and Al spinels with substitutions 654

Ga spinels and Ga spinels with substitutions 673

In spinels and In spinels with substitutions 680

References for 4.3.5 - 4.3.7 683

Co spinels and Co spinels with substitutions 691

Ni spinels and Ni spinels with substitutions (see also Vol. III/4b, p. 488) 695

Te spinels and Te spinels with substitutions (see also Vol. III/4b, p. 488) 695

Mn spinels and Mn spinels with substitutions 695

Ti spinels and Ti spinels with substitutions 712

References for 4.3.9 - 4.3.13 720

Mo spinels and Mo spinels with substitutions 725

W spinels 727

Nb spinels and Nb spinels with substitutions; Ta spinels and Ta spinels with 728

substitutions



4.3.18	
Zr spinels and Zr spinels with substitutions, Hf spinels and Hf spinels with 728

substitutions

4.3.19	
Sb spinels and Sb spinels with substitutions; Te spinels and Te spinels with 729

substitutions

4.3.20	
Sn spinels and Sn spinels with substitutions 730

4.3.21	
Si spinels and Si spinels with substitutions 735

4.3.22	
Rare earth spinels and rare earth spinels with substitutions 738

4.3.23	
References for 4.3.15 - 4.3.22 741


4.1.3.10 
4.1.3.11 
4.1.4 
4.1.4.0 
4.1.4.1 
4.1.4.2 
4.1.4.3 
4.1.4.3.1 
4.1.4.3.2 
4.1.4.3.3 
4.1.4.3.4 
4.1.4.3.5 
4.1.4.3.6 
4.1.4.4 
4.1.5 
4.1.5.1 
4.1.5.2 
4.1.5.3 
4.1.5.4 
4.1.6 
4.1.6.1 
4.1.6.2 
4.1.7 
4.1.7.0 
4.1.7.1 
4.1.7.2 
4.1.7.3 
4.1.7.4 
4.1.7.5 
4.1.7.6 
4.1.7.7 
4.1.8 
4.1.8.1 
4.1.8.2 
4.1.8.3 
4.1.8.4 
4.1.8.5 
4.2 
4.2.0 
4.2.0.1 
4.2.0.2 
4.2.0.2.1 
4.2.0.2.2 
4.2.0.3 
4.2.0.3.1 
4.2.0.3.2 
4.2.0.3.3 4.2.2.2.1.1 
4.2.2.2.1.2 
4.2.2.2.1.3 
4.2.2.2.2 
4.2.2.2.2.1 
4.2.2.2.2.2 
4.2.2.2.2.3 
4.2.2.2.2.4 
4.2.2.2.2.5 
4.2.2.2.3 
4.2.2.2.4 
4.2.2.2.4.1 
4.2.2.2.4.2 
4.2.2.2.4.3 
4.2.2.3 
4.2.2.3.1 
4.2.2.3.2 
4.2.2.3.2.1 
4.2.2.3.2.2 
4.2.2.3.2.3 
4.2.2.3.2.4 
4.2.2.3.3 
4.2.2.3.3.1 
4.2.2.3.3.2 
4.2.2.3.4 
4.2.2.3.4.1 
4.2.2.3.4.2 
4.2.2.4 
4.2.2.4.1 
4.2.2.4.1.1 
4.2.2.4.1.2 
4.2.2.4.2 
4.2.2.4.2.1 
4.2.2.4.2.2 
4.2.2.4.3 
4.2.2.4.4 
4.2.2.5 
4.2.3 
4.2.3.0 
4.2.3.0.1 
4.2.3.0.2 
4.2.3.1 
4.2.3.1.1 
4.2.3.1.2 
4.2.3.1.3 
4.2.3.1.4 
4.2.3.2 
4.2.3.2.1 4.2.3.2.2 
4.2.3.2.3 
4.2.3.2.4 
4.2.3.2.5 
4.2.3.2.6 
4.2.3.3 
4.2.3.3.1 
4.2.3.3.2 
4.2.3.3.3 
4.2.3.3.4 
4.2.3.3.5 
4.2.3.3.6 
4.2.3.3.7 
4.2.3.4 
4.2.3.4.1 
4.2.3.4.2 
4.2.3.4.3 
4.2.3.4.4 
4.2.3.4.5 
4.2.3.4.6 
4.2.3.4.7 
4.1.3.4.8 
4.2.3.4.9 
4.2.3.5 
4.3 
4.3.0 
4.3.1 
4.3.1.1 
4.3.1.2 
4.3.1.3 
4.3.1.4 
4.3.2 
4.3.3 
4.3.4 
4.3.5 
4.3.6 
4.3.7 
4.3.8 
4.3.9 
4.3.10 
4.3.11 
4.3.12 
4.3.13 
4.3.14 
4.3.15 
4.3.16 
4.3.17 
Appendix (M. SUGIMOTO)	744


