Landolt-Brnstein Group III
: Condensed Matter
Volume 19 

Magnetic Properties of Metals 

Subvolume G Thin Films 
Introductory material 
5	
Thin films 1

5.1	
Surfaces, interfaces and ultrathin films (U. GRADMANN) 1

5.1.1	
Introduction 1

5.1.1.1	
General remarks 1

5.1.1.2	
List of experimental and theoretical methods 1

5.1.1.3	
List of other abbreviations and explanations 2

5.1.2	
Magnetization at fixed temperatures 2

5.1.2.1	
Surface magnetization 3

5.1.2.2	
Changes of surface magnetization 8

5.1.2.3	
Monolayer magnetization at fixed (low) temperatures 11

5.1.3	
Magnetic hyperfine interactions at fixed temperatures 12

5.1.3.1	
Surface hyperfine interactions 12

5.1.3.2	
Ground state hyperfine interactions in monolayer-range films 14

5.1.4	
Temperature dependence of magnetic order 15

5.1.5	
Live layers 25

5.1.6	
Magnetic surface anisotropies 27

5.1.7	
References for 5.1 32

5.2	
Crystalline films of 3d transition elements and of alloys between these elements 35

(H.P.J.
 WIJN)
5.2.1	
Introduction 35

5.2.1.1	
Preparation parameters 35

5.2.1.1.1	
Sputtered films 35

5.2.1.1.2	
Evaporated films 35

5.2.1.2	
Structure of the films 36

5.2.1.3	
Formal description of the magnetic anisotropy of films 36

5.2.1.3.1	
Normal incidence of the beam 36

5.2.1.3.2	
Oblique incidence of the particle beam 37

5.2.2	
Films obtained by sputtering 38

5.2.2.1	
Films of Fe, Co and alloys between Fe, Co or Ni 38

5.2.2.2	
Films of alloys of Ti, V, Cr with Fe, Co, Ni 56

5.2.3	
Films obtained by evaporation 88

5.2.3.1	
Fe films 88

5.2.3.2	
Ni films 96

5.2.3.3	
FeNi alloy films 102

5.2.3.4	
Films of Co and of alloys of Co with Fe, Ni 124

5.2.4	
References for 5.2 132

5.3	
Crystalline and amorphous films with rare earth and 3d transition elements (P. 136

HANSEN)

5.3.1	
Introduction 136

5.3.1.1	
General remarks 136

5.3.1.2 
Material survey 136

5.3.2 
Structure 137

5.3.3 
Mssbauer spectroscopy 143

5.3.4 
Magnetization 149

5.3.4.1 
RE-TM alloys with RE = Y, La, Ce, Lu 150

5.3.4.2 
RE-TM alloys for RE other than Y, La, Ce, Lu and TM other than Fe, Co, Ni 159

5.3.4.3 
Gd-TM alloys 165

5.3.4.4 
RE-TM alloys Re other than Y, La, Ce, Gd, Lu with primarily TM = Fe, Co, Ni 182

5.3.5 
Exchange constants 203

5.3.6 
Magnetic anisotropy 205

5.3.6.1 
Crystalline compounds 206

5.3.6.2 
Amorphous alloys 209

5.3.7 
Magnetostriction 222

5.3.7.1 
Crystalline compounds 222

5.3.7.2 
Amorphous alloys 226

5.3.8 
Coercivity 229

5.3.9 
Bubble parameters and domain investigations 235

5.3.10 
Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and spin waves 242

5.3.11 
Magneto-optical properties 248

5.3.11.1 
Faraday rotation 248

5.3.11.2 
Kerr rotation 253

5.3.12 
Magnetoresistivity and Hall effect 264

5.3.12.1 
Magnetoresistivity 264

5.3.12.2 
Hall effect 268

5.3.13 
References for 5.3 276

5.4 
Thin film sandwiches (Y. ENDOH, T. SHINJO, N. HOSOITO) 288

5.4.1 
General remarks 288

5.4.2 
Survey of multilayered films 290

5.4.3 
Magnetic properties 294

5.4.3.1 
Non-Fe superlattice films 294

5.4.3.2 
Fe-based superlattice films 307

5.4.4 
References for 5.4 321


