Landolt-Brnstein Group VI
: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Volume 3 

Astronomy and Astrophysics 

Subvolume A Instruments, Methods, Solar System 
Introductory material 
1 
Astronomical instruments 1

1.1 
Optical telescopes 1

1.1.1
 - 1.1.5See Vol. 2A 
1.1.6 
New and future developments 1

1.1.7 
Updated list of large optical telescopes erected after 1960 2

1.2 
Solar telescopes 12

1.3 
Photoelectric photometry 17

1.3.0
 -1.3.8See Vol. 2A 
1.3.9 
Scientific charge-coupled devices (CCDS) 17

1.4 
Photographic emulsions (See Vol. 2A) 
1.5 
Spectrometers and spectrographs 34

1.6 
Optical high-resolution methods 36

1.7 
X-ray and gamma-ray instruments 38

1.8 
Infrared techniques 41

1.9 
Radio astronomy instrumentation 49

1.9.0 
Introduction 49

1.9.1 
Radio astronomy receivers 49

1.9.2 
Radio telescopes 51

1.9.3 
Data analysis and image processing 64

2 
Positions and time determination, astronomical constants 68

2.1 
Determination of astronomical latitude and longitude 68

2.2 
Time determination 74

2.3 
The system of astronomical constant 78

3 
The solar system 79

3.1 
The sun 79

3.1.1 
The quiet sun 79

3.1.2 
Solar activity 94

3.2 
The planets and their satellites 109

3.2.1 
Mechanical data of the planets and satellites 109

3.2.2 
Planetary physical data 116

3.3 
Small bodies in the solar system 134

3.3.1 
The asteroids (minor planets) 134

3.3.2 
Meteors and meteorites 139

3.3.3 
Comets 141

3.3.4 
Interplanetary dust and zodiacal light (See Vol. 2A) 
3.3.5 
Interplanetary particles and magnetic field 184

3.4 
Abundances of the elements in the solar system 196

3.4.1 
Introduction 196

3.4.2
 - 3.4.4See Vol. 2A 
3.4.5 
Cosmochemical classification of meteorites 197

3.4.6 
Classification of solar system materials 197

3.4.7 
The composition of chondritic meteorites 198

3.4.8 
Meteorites and the composition of the solar photosphere 204

3.4.9 
Nuclear abundances and their decomposition in nucleosynthetic components 207

3.4.10 
Other sources for solar-system abundances 220

3.5 
Chronology of the solar system (See Vol. 2A) 

