Landolt-Brnstein Group III
: Condensed Matter
Volume 24 

Physics of Solid Surfaces 

Subvolume A Structure 
Introductory material 
1 
General introduction (G. CHIAROTTI) 1

1.1 
Motivations for a Landolt-Brnstein volume on surface physics 1

1.2 
Outline of the volume 2

1.3 
How to consult the volume 12

1.4 
List of frequently used symbols and abbreviations 13

1.5 
Conversion tables 20

1.6 
Crystal structures and bulk lattice parameters of materials quoted in the volume 21

1.7 
References for 1 27

2 
The structure of surfaces 29

2.1 
The structure of ideal surfaces (J.F. NICHOLAS) 29

2.1.1 
Introduction 29

2.1.1.1 
Definitions 29

2.1.1.2 
Description of a half-crystal defined by an (hkl) plane 30

2.1.1.3 
Symmetry 31

2.1.1.3.1 
Symmetry of a half-crystal 31

2.1.1.3.2 
Symmetry of a surface layer 31

2.1.1.4 
Coordination of surface atoms 34

2.1.1.4.1 
Theory 34

2.1.1.4.2 
Results for nearest neighbour bonds in face- and body-centred cubic crystals 35

2.1.1.5 
Models of surfaces 37

2.1.1.5.1 
The terrace-ledge-kink (TLK) model 37

2.1.1.5.2 
Ball models of surfaces 40

2.1.1.6 
Some useful crystallographic formulae 40

2.1.2 
Surface diagrams 42

2.1.2.1 
Positions of surface atoms in particular surfaces 42

2.1.2.1.1 
Face-centred and body-centred cubic crystals 42

2.1.2.1.2 
NaCl and diamond type structures 55

2.1.2.1.3 
Hexagonal close-packed structures 102

2.1.2.2 
Conversion formulae and extension to other atoms 123

2.1.3 
References for 2.1 124

2.2 
Surface reconstruction and relaxation (A. FASOLINO, A. SELLONI, A. SHKREBTII) 125

2.2.1 
Introduction 125

2.2.1.1 
Outline 125

2.2.1.2 
Relaxation and reconstruction 126

2.2.1.3 
Surface periodicity: notations for surface structures 128

2.2.1.4 
Techniques 129

2.2.1.5 
Surface preparation 130

2.2.1.6 
Models of reconstruction 130

2.2.2 
Data 131

2.2.2.1 
Metals 131

2.2.2.2 
Semiconductors and insulators 171

2.2.3 
References for 2.2 208

2.3 
Structural defects at surfaces (H. HENZLER, W. RANKE) 225

2.3.1 
Introduction 225

2.3.1.1 
Preliminary remarks 225

2.3.1.2 
Methods of investigation 228

2.3.1.2.1 
Microscopy 229

2.3.1.2.2 
Diffraction 230

2.3.1.2.3 
Ion scattering 231

2.3.1.2.4 
Other methods 231

2.3.2 
Data 232

2.3.2.1 
Experimentally observed stabile of surfaces, stepped surfaces 232

2.3.2.1.1 
Metals and metal alloys 233

2.3.2.1.2 
Group IV semiconductors 278

2.3.2.1.3 
III-V semiconductors 312

2.3.2.1.4 
Chalcogenides 321

2.3.2.1.5 
Halides 324

2.3.2.2 
Phase transitions 330

2.3.2.2.1 
Roughening transition of stepped metal surfaces 330

2.3.2.2.2 
Phase transitions on low index metal surfaces 336

2.3.3 
References for 2.3 352


General index (See Vol. 24D)
Introduction
Index of surfaces

