ISBN: 3-540-65897-1
TITLE: International Trends in Optics and Photonics
AUTHOR: Asakura, Toshimitsu (Ed.)
TOC:

Part I. Fundamental Optics (General, Physical and Quantum Optics)
Optical Twist 3
A. T. Friberg
1 Introduction 3
2 Gaussian Twisted Beams 4
3 General Twisted Fields 11
4 Vortices and Angular Momentum 13
5 Conclusions 15
References 15
Principles and Fundamentals of Near Field Optics 18
M. Nieto-Vesperinas
1 Introduction 18
2 Angular Spectrum Representation and the Limit of Resolution 19
3 Near Field Microscopy Configurations 20
4 The Optical Signal at the Tip 21
5 Inverse Scattering and Coherence 23
6 Applications, Artifacts, and Conclusions 24
References 25
Spin-Orbit Interaction of a Photon: Theory and Experimentation on the Mutual Influence of Polarization and Propagation 27
N. D. Kundikova and B. Ya. Zel'dovich
1 Introduction 27
2 Optical Magnus Effect 29
3 Topological Optical Activity in a Rectilinear Optical Fiber 34
4 The Optical Effects Connected with Meridional Rays 36
References 39
Atoms and Cavities: The Birth of a Schrdinger Cat of the Radiation Field 40
J.-M. Raimond and S. Haroche
1 Introduction 40
2 Experimental Techniques 42
3 Non-resonant Interaction: A Quantum Meter 44
4 An Experiment on Complementarity 46
5 Dynamics of Decoherence 48
6 A Simple Model 50
7 Conclusion and Perspectives 52
References 53
Quantum Tomography of Wigner Functions from Incomplete Data 54
V. Buzek, G. Drobny, and H. Wiedemann
1 Introduction 54
2 MaxEnt Principle and Observation Levels 55
3 States of Light: Phase-Space Description 57
4 Observation Levels for Single-mode Field 62
5 Optical Homodyne Tomography and MaxEnt Principle 66
6 Conclusions 69
References 70
Part II. Information Optics
Some New Aspects of the Resolution in Gaussian Pupil Optics 75
S. S. Lee, M. H. Lee, and Y. R. Song
1 Introduction 75
2 Diffraction at the Gaussian Pupil and Transforms 76
3 Paraxial Gaussian Diffraction Amplitude and Resolution 78
4 Numerical Estimates and a Criterion for sigma 80
5 Amplitude Modulation Plate (AMP) for the Gaussian Pupil 81
6 Optical Transfer Function (OTF) 83
7 Conclusions 83
References 84
Multichannel Photography with Digital Fourier Optics 86
G.G. Mu, L. Lin, and Z.-Q. Wang
1 Introduction 86
2 Superimposed Grating for Multichannel Photography 87
3 Multichannel Photography with Superimposed Grating 88
4 Retrieval of the Multispectrum Image with Digital Decoding 89
5 Local Decoding 92
6 Experimental Results 93
7 Conclusions 93
References 94
Holographic Optics for Beamsplitting and Image Multiplication 96
A. L. Mikaelian, A. N. Palagushkin, and S. A. Prokopenko
1 Introduction 96
2 Review of the Literature 97
3 Methods of Phase Hologram Synthesis 98
4 CGH Design and Manufacture 100
5 Conclusion 107
References 108
Image Restoration, Enhancement and Target Location with Local Adaptive Linear Filters 111
L. Yaroslavsky
1 Introduction 111
2 Multi-component Local Adaptive Filters 112
3 Selection of the Transform 115
4 Filter Implementation: Local Adaptive Filters with Nonlinear Processing in Transform Domain 118
5 The Use of Other Transforms 120
6 Modification of the Denoising Procedure: Thresholding the Directional Laplacians 124
7 Conclusion 126
References 126
Fuzzy Problem for Correlation Recognition
in Optical Digital Image Processing 128
G. Cheng, G. Jin, M. Wu, and Y. Yan
1 Introduction 128
2 Relationship Between Correlation and Matching 130
3 Using Uncertain Pixels to Improve the Distortion-Invariant Ability 134
4 Fuzzy Entropy Segmentation for Optical Correlation 137
5 Conclusion 141
References 142
Part III. Optical Communication (Photonics and Optoelectronics)
All-Optical Regeneration for Global-Distance Fiber-Optic Communications 147
E. Desurvire and O. Leclerc
1 Introduction 147
2 Transoceanic Systems and Related Technologies 148
3 All-Optical Regeneration: Theory 154
4 All-Optical Regeneration: Experiments 171
5 Electronic and Opto-electronic Versus All-Optical Regeneration 175
6 Conclusion 179
References 179
Non-quantum Cryptography for Secure Optical Communications 183
J.P. Goedgebuer
1 Introduction 183
2 Secure Communications by Coherence Modulation of Light 184
3 Encrypting with Chaos 190
4 Conclusion 195
References 196
Part IV. Optical Materials and Processing
Pulsed Laser Deposition: An Overview 201
I. N. Mihailescu and E. Gyrgy
References 212
Absolute Scale of Quadratic Nonlinear-Optical Susceptibilities 215
I. Shoji, T. Kondo, and R. Ito
1 Introduction 215
2 SHG, PF, and DFG Determination 217
3 Multiple-Reflection Effect 224
4 Dispersion of Miller's Delta 225
5 Recommended Standards of Nonlinear-Optical Susceptibilities 226
References 228
Part V. Optical Technologies
Femtosecond Fourier Optics: Shaping and Processing of Ultrashort Optical Pulses 233
A. M. Weiner
1 Introduction 233
2 Femtosecond Pulse Shaping 234
3 Holographic and Nonlinear Fourier Pulse Processing 238
4 Selected Applications of Shaped Pulses 243
References 245
Aperture-modulated Diffusers (AMDs) 247
H. P. Herzig and P. Kipfer
1 Introduction 247
2 Design of AMDs 248
3 Scaling Law for Focusing Lenses and Far-field Diffusers 250
4 Examples of Realized Diffractive AMDs 253
5 Conclusion 256
References 257
Optical Properties of Quasiperiodic Structures: Linear and Nonlinear Analysis 258
M. Bertolotti and C. Sibilia
1 Introduction 258
2 What Are Fractals? 259
3 Transmission Properties of Filters Realized with a Fractal Code 261
4 Properties of a Fractal Filter. Dynamical Map 263
5 Time-Domain Response of the Filter 269
6 Nonlinear Model of the Filter 271
7 Mesoscopic Layered Structures 273
8 Conclusions 276
References 276
Part VI. Optical Metrology (Optical Systems)
Diffractive Optical Elements in Materials Inspection 281
R. Silvennoinen, K.-E. Peiponen, and T. Asakura
1 Introduction 281
2 Theory of Diffractive Elements 281
3 Applications 286
References 292
Multiple-Wavelength Interferometry for Absolute Distance Measurement 294
R Dndliker and Y. Salvad
1 Introduction 294
2 Multiple-Wavelength Interferometry 296
3 Multiple-Wavelength Source 301
4 Absolute Distance Measurement 308
5 Conclusions 315
References 316
Speckle Metrology: Some Newer Techniques and Applications 318
R. S. Sirohi
1 Speckle Photography 318
2 Speckle Interferometry 321
3 Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) 323
References 327
Limits of Optical Range Sensors and How to Exploit Them 328
G. Husler, P. Ettl, M. Schenk, G. Bohn, and I. Laszlo
1 Introduction 328
2 About Smooth and Rough Surface Interferometry 329
3 Smooth Surface Mode 331
4 Rough Surface Mode 336
5 Conclusions 339
References 341
Imaging Spectroscopy for the Non-invasive Investigation of Paintings 343
A. Casini, F. Lotti, and M. Picollo
1 Introduction 343
2 Historical Background 344
3 Imaging Spectroscopy Equipment 346
4 Applications 347
5 Conclusions 354
References 355
Part VII. Biomedical Optics
Optical Coherence Tomography in Medicine 359
A. F. Fercher and C. K. Hitzenberger
1 Introduction 359
2 Back-Scattering 361
3 Time-Domain OCT 364
4 Resolution in OCT 368
5 Frequency-Domain OCT 372
6 Doppler OCT 377
7 OCT Macroscopy and Morphometry 379
8 OCT Microscopy and Optical Biopsy 382
9 Conclusion 383
References 384
The Spectral Optimization of Human Vision: Some Paradoxes, Errors and Resolutions 390
B. H. Soffer and D. K. Lynch
1 Introduction 390
2 Spectral Radiant Density Distributions Contrasted with Sensitivity 392
3 Regarding Evolution 400
4 Summary 403
References 404
Part VIII. Others
Optical Methods for Reproducing Sounds from Old Phonograph Records 409
J. Uozumi and T. Asakura
1 Introduction 409
2 Wax Cylinder: Laser Beam Reflection Method 410
3 Disk: Laser Diffraction Method 418
4 Negative Cylinder: Modification of the Laser Beam Reflection Method 421
5 Conclusion 424
References 425
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