1 
General introduction (D.L. BEKE) ............................ 1-1

1.1 
Atomic fluxes ...................................... 1-1

1.2 
Equations for diffusion .................................. 1-3

1.2.1 
Bulk diffusion ...................................... 1-4


1.2.1.1 
Tracer diffusion in a homogeneous matrix......................... 1-4

1.2.1.2 
Chemical diffusion .................................... 1-6

1.2.2 
Grain-boundary diffusion ................................. 1-9

1.2.2.1 
Self-diffusion...................................... 1-11

1.2.2.2 
Impurity diffusion and segregation ........................... 1-12

1.2.3 
Dislocation diffusion .................................. 1-12

1.2.4 
Surface diffusion .................................... 1-12

1.3 
Atomic mechanisms of diffusion ............................ 1-13

1.3.1 
Direct interstitial mechanism .............................. 1-14


1.3.2 
Indirect interstitial or interstitialcy mechanism ..................... 1-14

1.3.3 
Ring mechanism .................................... 1-14

1.3.4 
Vacancy mechanism .................................. 1-14

1.3.5 
Interstitial-substitutional mechanisms .......................... 1-14

1.3.6 
Other mechanisms ................................... 1-15


1.4 
Methods for measuring diffusion coefficients ...................... 1-15

1.4.1 
Macroscopic methods ................................. 1-16

1.4.1.1 
Steady-state methods .................................. 1-16

1.4.1.2 
Non steady-state methods................................ 1-16

1.4.2 
Microscopic methods.................................. 1-17

1.4.2.1 
Relaxation methods................................... 1-17

1.4.2.2 
Nuclear methods .................................... 1-18


1.5 
Temperature, pressure and mass dependence of diffusion ................ 1-18

1.5.1 
Temperature and pressure dependence ......................... 1-18

1.5.2 
Mass dependence.................................... 1-19

1.6 
Notations, use of the tables ............................... 1-19

1.7 
Further readings .................................... 1-20

1.7.1 
Textbooks ....................................... 1-20

1.7.2 
Proceedings ...................................... 1-20

1.7.3 
Collections of data ................................... 1-21

1.7.4 
Review articles ..................................... 1-21

1.8 
References for 1 .................................... 1-21


2	
Diffusion in alkali and alkaline earth halides (F. BNIRE) .............. 2 -1
2.1	
Introduction ...................................... 2 -1
2.1.1	
Order of solids ..................................... 2 -1
2.1.2	
Order of elements.................................... 2 -2
2.1.3	
Experimental techniques ................................ 2 -2
2.1.3.1	
Profile determination .................................. 2 -2
2.1.3.2	
Indirect nuclear methods ................................ 2 -3
2.1.3.3	
Electrical conductivity method ............................. 2 -3
2.1.3.4	
Electromigration .................................... 2 -5
2.1.4	
Use of table and figures................................. 2 -5
2.2	
Table .......................................... 2 -7
Li F ... 2 - 7 Li Cl .. 2 - 7 Li Br .. 2 - 7 Li I.... 2 -8
Na F .. 2 - 8 Na Cl . 2 - 8 Na Br 2 - 12 Na I .. 2 -12
K F .. 2 - 13 K Cl . 2 - 13 K Br . 2 - 16 K I ... 2 -17
Rb F . 2 - 18 Rb Cl 2 - 19 Rb Br 2 - 19 Rb I .. 2 -19
Cs F . 2 - 20 Cs Cl . 2 - 20 Cs Br 2 - 20 Cs I .. 2 -21
Mg F2 2 - 22 Ca F2 . 2 - 22 Sr F2 . 2 - 23 Sr Cl2 . 2 -23
Ba F2 . 2 - 23 Tl Cl . 2 -24


2.3	
Figures for 2 ..................................... 2 -25
2.4	
References for 2 ................................... 2 -31


3 
Diffusion in fast-ion conducting solids (A.V. CHADWICK) ............... 3 -1
3.1 
General remarks ..................................... 3 -1
3.2 
Classification of fast-ion conductors ........................... 3 -1


3.3 
Methods of investigating diffusion in fast-ion conductors ................. 3 -2
3.3.1 
General comments.................................... 3 -2
3.3.2 
Tracer techniques .................................... 3 -3
3.3.3 
Indirect nuclear methods ................................. 3 -3
3.3.4 
Electrical conductivity .................................. 3 -3
3.4 
Use of the tables and figures ............................... 3 -4

3.5 
Transition temperatures for fluorite-structured fast-ion conductors ............. 3 -5
3.6 
Anion diffusion in fluorite-structured halide fast-ion conductors .............. 3 -5

3.6.1 
Calcium fluoride .................................... 3 -5
3.6.2 
Strontium fluoride .................................... 3 -6
3.6.3 
Barium fluoride ..................................... 3 -6
3.6.4 
Lead fluoride ...................................... 3 -6
3.6.5 
Strontium chloride.................................... 3 -7

3.7 
Anion diffusion in mixed metal fluorite-structured halide fast-ion conductors ........ 3 -7
3.8 
Cation diffusion in antifluorite-structured lithium oxide .................. 3 -9
3.9 
Anion diffusion in fluorite-structured oxide fast-ion conductors .............. 3 -9

3.9.1 
Cerium oxide ...................................... 3 -9
3.9.2 
Zirconium oxide.................................... 3 -12
3.9.3	
Thorium oxide .................................... 3 -16
3.9.4	
Hafnium oxide .................................... 3 -17
3.9.5	
Bismuth oxide..................................... 3 -17
Figures for 3 ..................................... 3 -19
3.10	
References for 3 .................................... 3 -27


4 
Diffusion in miscellaneous ionic materials (G. ERDLYI) ............... 4 -1
4.1 
Use of tables and figures ................................ 4 -1
4.2 
Tables for diffusion in miscellaneous ionic materials .................. 4 -3
4.2.1 
Sulphates and other compounds............................. 4 -3
4.2.2 
Sulfides......................................... 4 -5
4.2.3 
Niobates ....................................... 4 -11
4.2.4 
Titanates ....................................... 4 -14
4.2.5 
Other mixed oxides .................................. 4 -17
4.2.6 
Silicates ....................................... 4 -18
4.2.6.1 
Nesosilicates ..................................... 4 -18
4.2.6.2 
Sorosilicates ..................................... 4 -20
4.2.6.3 
Inosilicates ...................................... 4 -21
4.2.6.4	
Phyllosilicates .................................... 4 -22
4.2.6.5	
Tectosilicates ..................................... 4 -22
4.2.7	
Phosphates ...................................... 4 -24
Figures for 4 ..................................... 4 -25
4.3	
References for 4 ................................... 4 -34


5 
Diffusion in carbides, nitrides, hydrides, and borides (HJ. MATZKE, V.V. RONDINELLA)5 -1
5.1 
Diffusion in carbides ................................. 5 -1
5.1.1 
Silicon carbide ..................................... 5 -2

5.1.2 
Monocarbides of group IV transition metals....................... 5 -2
5.1.3 
Monocarbides of group V and group VI transition metals ................ 5 -3


5.1.4 
Actinide carbides .................................... 5 -3
5.1.5 
Diffusion and release of fission products, and measurements on coated particles..... 5 -4
5.1.6 
Diffusion in silicon systems............................... 5 -5
5.1.6.1 
Self - diffusion in silicon carbide ............................ 5 -5
5.1.6.2 
Interdiffusion SiC - AlN ................................ 5 -5
5.1.6.3 
Impurity diffusion in silicon carbide .......................... 5 -5
5.1.6.4 
Diffusion of gases in silicon carbide .......................... 5 -7


5.1.6.5 
Measurements on SiC - coated fuel particles for gas - cooled nuclear reactors ...... 5 -8
5.1.7 
Diffusion in titanium systems .............................. 5 -8
5.1.7.1 
Self - diffusion in titanium carbide ........................... 5 -8
5.1.7.2 
Impurity diffusion in titanium carbide.......................... 5 -9
5.1.7.3 
Diffusion in TiC - VC systems ............................. 5 -9
5.1.8 
Diffusion in zirconium systems ............................ 5 -10
5.1.8.1 
Diffusion in zirconium carbide ............................ 5 -10
5.1.8.2 
Diffusion in the ZrC - NbC system .......................... 5 -10
5.1.8.3 
Diffusion in the UC - ZrC system ........................... 5 -11


5.1.8.4 
Impurity diffusion in zirconium carbide ........................ 5 -11
5.1.9 
Diffusion in hafnium carbide ............................. 5 -12
5.1.10 
Diffusion in vanadium carbide ............................ 5 -12
5.1.11 
Diffusion in niobium carbide ............................. 5 -12
5.1.12 
Diffusion in tantalum carbide ............................. 5 -13
5.1.13 
Diffusion in chromium carbide ............................ 5 -13
5.1.14 
Diffusion in molybdenum carbide........................... 5 -14
5.1.15 
Diffusion in tungsten carbide ............................. 5 -14
5.1.16 
Diffusion in iron carbide ............................... 5 -14
5.1.17 
Diffusion in lithium carbide.............................. 5 -14
5.1.18 
Diffusion in boron carbide .............................. 5 -15
5.1.19 
Diffusion in uranium carbide UC1x .......................... 5 -15
5.1.20 
Diffusion in U2C3 and UC2 .............................. 5 -17


5.1.21 
Grain boundary and surface diffusion in UC and UC2 ................. 5 -17
5.1.22	
Diffusion in uranium carbonitrides .......................... 5 -18
5.1.23	
Diffusion in mixed carbides (U, Pu)C ......................... 5 -18


5.1.24	
Diffusion in mixed carbonitrides and oxycarbides (U, Pu)(C, N) and (U, Pu)(C, O) .. 5 -19
Figures for 5.1 .................................... 5 -20
5.1.25	
References for 5.1 .................................. 5 -25
5.2 
Diffusion in nitrides (Hj. Matzke, V.V. Rondinella)	...... 5 -30
5.2.1 
Diffusion in silicon systems.............................. 5 -31
5.2.1.1 
Self - diffusion in silicon nitride ........................... 5 -31
5.2.1.2 
Surface diffusion on silicon nitride .......................... 5 -31
5.2.1.3 
Impurity diffusion in silicon nitride .......................... 5 -31
5.2.1.4 
Diffusion in silicon oxynitride ............................ 5 -32
5.2.1.5 
Interdiffusion in silicon nitride ............................ 5 -32
5.2.2 
Diffusion in titanium systems ............................. 5 -33
5.2.2.1 
Self - diffusion in titanium nitride ........................... 5 -33
5.2.2.2 
Impurity diffusion in titanium nitride ......................... 5 -33
5.2.3 
Self - diffusion in zirconium nitride .......................... 5 -34
5.2.4 
Diffusion in hafnium nitride ............................. 5 -35
5.2.5 
Diffusion in niobium nitride ............................. 5 -35
5.2.6 
Diffusion in aluminum nitride............................. 5 -35
5.2.7 
Diffusion in thorium nitride .............................. 5 -36
5.2.8 
Diffusion in uranium systems ............................. 5 -36
5.2.8.1 
Diffusion in uranium nitride ............................. 5 -36
5.2.8.2 
Surface diffusion on uranium nitride ......................... 5 -37
5.2.8.3 
Diffusion of Xe in uranium nitride .......................... 5 -37


5.2.9 
Self - diffusion in mixed nitride (U, Pu)N ....................... 5 -37
5.2.10 
Diffusion in chromium nitride ............................ 5 -37
5.2.11	
Self - diffusion in iron nitride ............................. 5 -37
5.2.12	
Self - diffusion in potassium azide .......................... 5 -38
5.2.13	
Self - diffusion in lithium nitride ........................... 5 -38
Figures for 5.2 .................................... 5 -39
5.2.14	
References for 5.2 .................................. 5 -42

5.3 
Diffusion in hydrides (Hj. Matzke, V.V. Rondinella)	....... 5 -44
5.3.1 
Hydrogen diffusion in lanthanum - based hydrides .................. 5 -45
5.3.2 
Hydrogen diffusion in magnesium - based hydrides .................. 5 -46
5.3.3 
Hydrogen diffusion in vanadium hydride ....................... 5 -46
5.3.4 
Hydrogen diffusion in niobium hydride ........................ 5 -46
5.3.5 
Hydrogen diffusion in tantalum - based hydrides ................... 5 -47
5.3.6 
Hydrogen diffusion in palladium - based hydrides................... 5 -48


5.3.7 
Diffusion in lithium hydride ............................. 5 -49
5.3.8 
Diffusion in titanium - based hydrides ........................ 5 -50
5.3.9 
Diffusion in zirconium - based hydrides........................ 5 -51
5.3.10 
Diffusion in hafnium - based hydrides ........................ 5 -55

5.3.11 
Diffusion in uranium hydride ............................. 5 -55
5.3.12	
Diffusion in thorium hydride ............................. 5 -56
5.3.13	
Diffusion in calcium hydride ............................. 5 -56
5.3.14	
Diffusion in iron - based hydrides........................... 5 -56
5.3.15	
Diffusion in nickel hydride .............................. 5 -56
Figures for 5.3 .................................... 5 -57
5.3.16	
References for 5.3 .................................. 5 -59


5.4	
Diffusion in borides: No quantitative data could be found in the literature 
8 
Diffusion in molecular solids (A.V. CHADWICK) .................... 8 -1
8.1 
General remarks ..................................... 8 -1
8.2 
Classification of molecular solids............................. 8 -2


8.3 
Methods of investigating diffusion in molecular solids................... 8 -2
8.4 
Theoretical considerations ................................ 8 -4
8.5 
Use of the tables and figures ............................... 8 -5


8.6 
Tables of thermodynamic properties and structures for molecular solids .......... 8 -7
8.6.1 
Rare gas solids ..................................... 8 -7
8.6.2 
Organic plastic molecular solids ............................. 8 -7
8.6.3 
Miscellaneous plastic molecular solids ......................... 8 -11
8.6.4 
Non - plastic molecular solids ............................. 8 -12
8.7 
Diffusion tables for molecular solids .......................... 8 -13
8.7.1 
Self - diffusion in rare gas solids ............................ 8 -13

8.7.2 
Self - diffusion in organic plastic molecular solids .................... 8 -13
8.7.3 
Self - diffusion in miscellaneous plastic molecular solids ................ 8 -18
8.7.4 
Self - diffusion in organic non - plastic molecular solids ................. 8 -19
8.7.5 
Self - diffusion in miscellaneous non - plastic molecular solids .............. 8 -21
8.7.6	
Impurity diffusion in miscellaneous molecular solids .................. 8 -22
8.7.7	
Effect of pressure on self - diffusion in miscellaneous molecular solids .......... 8 -22
8.7.8	
Isotope mass effect diffusion in miscellaneous molecular solids ............. 8 -24


Figures for 8 ..................................... 8 -25
8.8	
References for 8 .................................... 8 -33
9 
Diffusion in glassy and semicrystalline polymers (F.FAUPEL, G. KROLL) ...... 9 -1
9.1 
Introduction ...................................... 9 -1
9.1.1 
Characteristics of diffusion in glassy polymers ..................... 9 -1
9.1.2 
Diffusion mechanisms in glassy polymers........................ 9 -4

9.1.2.1 
Activation energy approach ............................... 9 -4
9.1.2.2 
Free volume approach ................................. 9 -4

9.1.2.3 
Effect of excess volume on diffusion in glassy polymers ................ 9 -6
9.1.2.4 
Influence of partial crystallization and orientation .................... 9 -7

9.1.3 
Measuring techniques.................................. 9 -8
9.1.3.1 
Permeation methods .................................. 9 -8
9.1.3.2 
Sorption methods ................................... 9 -10
9.1.3.3 
Other methods .................................... 9 -12
9.1.4 
Use of tables and figures ............................... 9 -14
9.2 
Tables for 9...................................... 9 -17
9.2.1 
(C - ) main chain polymers .............................. 9 -17
9.2.2 
(C - N) main chain polymers ............................. 9 -44
9.2.3 
(C - N - O) main chain polymers ........................... 9 -55
9.2.4 
(C - N - O - S) main chain polymers ......................... 9 -67
9.2.5 
(C - N - S) main chain polymers ........................... 9 -67
9.2.6 
(C - O) main chain polymers ............................. 9 -69
9.2.7 
(C - O - S) main chain polymers ........................... 9 -91
9.2.8 
(C - S) main chain polymers ............................. 9 -101
9.2.9 
spiro - C - N - O polymers .............................. 9 -102
9.2.10 
spiro - C - O polymers ................................ 9 -102
9.2.11 
Blends ........................................ 9 -104
9.3 
Figures for 9 ..................................... 9 -106
9.4 
References for 9 ................................... 9 -127


10	
Chemical diffusion in bulk inhomogeneous non-metallic compounds 
(G.E. MURCH, C.M. BRUFF) ............................. 10 -1
10.1	
Introduction ..................................... 10 -1
10.2	
Use of tables ..................................... 10 -2
10.3	
Chemical diffusion table ............................... 10 -3
Antimonides ..................................... 10 -3
Carbides ....................................... 10 -3
Chalcogenides .................................... 10 -5
Halides ........................................ 10 -8
Intercalation compounds ............................... 10 -11
Nitrides........................................ 10 -15
Nuclear materials ................................... 10 -15
Oxides ........................................ 10 -18
Silicates ....................................... 10 -29
Silicides ....................................... 10 -29
Figures for 10 .................................... 10 -31


10.4	
References for 10 ................................... 10 -58


11	
Dislocation and grain-boundary diffusion in non-metallic systems 
(G. ERDLYI, D.L. BEKE) ............................... 11 -1
11.1	
Introduction ..................................... 11 -1
11.1.1	
General remarks ................................... 11 -1
11.1.2	
Methods of measurement ............................... 11 -2
11.1.2.1	
Low angle grain boundary method .......................... 11 -2
11.1.2.2	
Defect annealing method ............................... 11 -2


11.1.2.3	
Indirect methods in type - A kinetic regime ...................... 11 -2
11.1.2.4	
Isoconcentration contour method ........................... 11 -2
11.1.2.5	
Determination of double products from creep and sintering experiments........ 11 -3
11.1.2.6	
Interdiffusion experiments in oxides ......................... 11 -4

11.1.2.7	
Hwang - Balluffi method ............................... 11 -4
11.1.2.8	
First appearence method ............................... 11 -4
11.1.2.9	
Gilmer - Farrell method ................................ 11 -5
11.2	
Use of tables and figures ............................... 11 -5


11.3	
Tables for dislocation diffusion in non - metallic systems ............... 11 -7
11.3.1	
Dislocation diffusion in oxides ............................ 11 -7
11.3.2	
Dislocation diffusion in ionic crystals ......................... 11 -9

11.3.3	
Dislocation diffusion in some minerals ........................ 11 -10
11.4	
Tables for grain boundary diffusion in non - metallic systems ............. 11 -11


11.4.1	
Grain boundary diffusion in oxides .......................... 11 -11
11.4.2	
Grain boundary diffusion in carbides and nitrides ................... 11 -28
11.4.3	
Grain boundary diffusion in ionic crystals....................... 11 -31
11.4.4	
Grain boundary diffusion in some minerals ...................... 11 -34


Figures for 11 .................................... 11 -36
11.5	
References for 11 ................................... 11 -45
12 
Surface diffusion on non-metallic solids (E.G. SEEBAUER, C.E. ALLEN) ....... 12 -1
12.1 
Introduction...................................... 12 -1
12.1 
General remarks.................................... 12 -1
12.1.2 
Definitions of diffusion parameters .......................... 12 -1
12.2 
Experimental techniques................................ 12 -2
12.2.1 
Single - atom imaging ................................. 12 -2
12.2.2 
Electron diffraction .................................. 12 -2
12.2.3 
Chemical state relaxation ............................... 12 -3
12.2.4 
Spin axis relaxation .................................. 12 -3
12.2.5 
Profile evolution ................................... 12 -4
12.2.6 
Capillarity - driven effects ............................... 12 -4
12.2.7 
Island growth ..................................... 12 -5
12.2.8 
Miscellaneous..................................... 12 -5
12.3 
Physical picture .................................... 12 -5
12.3.1 
Intrinsic diffusion ................................... 12 -5
12.3.2 
Mass transfer diffusion ................................ 12 -5
12.4 
General correlations .................................. 12 -7
12.4.1 
Intrinsic diffusion ................................... 12 -7
12.4.2 
Mass transfer diffusion ................................ 12 -7
12.4.3	
Adsorbate concentration dependence.......................... 12 -8
12.5	
Commentary to tables ................................. 12 -8
12.6	
Surface diffusion tables ................................ 12 -9
Table 1
: Intrinsic diffusion on insulators ........................ 12 -9
Table 2
: Mass transfer diffusion on insulators ..................... 12 -10
Figures for 12 ..................................... 12 -11
12.7	
Special references:  review articles ........................... 12 -13
12.8	
References for 12 ................................... 12 -14




6 Volume diffusion in oxides 
6 Volume diffusion in oxides 
C.J.A. Monty
Please see subvolume III/33B, Part 2 
Land o lt-B r nst e in New Series III/33B1 
7	Diffusion in oxide glasses (H. JAIN, C.H. HSIEH) .................... 7 - 1

7.1	Introduction ...................................... 7 - 1

7.2	General remarks .................................... 7 - 1

7.3	Diffusion coefficient measurement methods....................... 7 - 2

7.4	Temperature dependence of diffusion coefficient .................... 7 - 3

7.5	Use of the tables and figures .............................. 7 - 4

7.6	References for 7.1 ... 7.5 ................................ 7 - 5

7.7	Data .......................................... 7 - 6
Table 1. Diffusion in SiO2 glass............................. 7 - 6
Table 2. Diffusion in binary silicate glasses ...................... 7 - 10
Table 3. Diffusion in ternary silicate glasses ..................... 7 - 25
Table 4. Diffusion in multi component silicate glasses................. 7 - 42
Table 5. Diffusion in B2O3 glass ........................... 7 - 44
Table 6. Diffusion in binary borate glasses ...................... 7 - 45
Table 7. Diffusion in ternary borate glasses ...................... 7 - 50
Table 8. Diffusion in GeO2 glass ........................... 7 - 51
Table 9. Diffusion in binary germanate glasses .................... 7 - 52
Table 10. Diffusion in ternary germanate glasses ................... 7 - 55
Table 11. Diffusion in molybdate, niobate and phosphate glasses ........... 7 - 56
Table 12. Diffusion in selenate, tellurite, tungstate and vanadate glasses ........ 7 - 58
Figures for 7.7 .................................... 7 - 62

7.8	References for 7.7 .................................. 7 - 88



