ISBN: 3-540-65061-X
TITLE: Bone Diseases
AUTHOR: Adler, Claus-Peter
TOC:

1 Bones and Bone Tissue 1 
The Function of Bones and of the Skeleton 2 
Bone as a Structural Support 4 
Bone as an Organ of Storage 6 
Regulation of Bone Structure and Calcium Metabolism 6 
Functional Bone Remodeling 8 
2 Normal Anatomy and Histology 13 
Macroscopic Structure 13 
The Blood Supply of Bone 16 
Histological Structure of Bone 18 
Bone Cells 24 
Endochondral Ossification 26 
Cartilaginous and Joint Structures 28 
3 Disorders of Skeletal Development 31 
General 31 
The Classification of Skeletal Dysplasias 34 
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita 37 
Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia (Ribbing-Mller Disease) 38 
Congenital Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia 
(Type: Spranger-Wiedemann) 38 
Thanatophoric Dwarfism 40 
Asphyxiating Thoracic Dysplasia (Jeune's Disease) 42 
Chondroectodermal Dysplasia (Ellis-van Creveld Disease) 44 
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IV (Morquio's Disease) 46 
Mesomelic Dwarfism (Robinow's Fetal Face Syndrome) 46 
Tricho-rhino-pharyngeal Dysplasia 46 
Cleido-cranial Dysplasia 46 
Achondroplasia (Chondrodystrophia fetalis) 48 
Chondrodystrophy 48 
Rickets 50 
Hypophosphatasia 52 
Osteopetrosis (Albers-Schnberg Disease, Marble Bone Disease) 54 
Osteogenesis imperfecta 54 
Fibrous Bone Dysplasia (Jaffe-Lichtenstein) 56 
Arachnodactylia 58 
Pfaundler-Hurler Dysostosis 58 
Enchondromatosis (Ollier's Disease) 60 
Osteochondromatosis 62 
4 Osteoporoses and Osteopathies 65 
General 65 
Involutional Osteoporosis 72 
Immobilization Osteoporosis 74 
Cushing's Osteoporosis 76 
Osteodystrophy 80 
Osteomalacia 86 
Renal Osteopathy 88 
Aluminum-induced Osteopathy 94 
Sudeck's Atrophy (Sympathetic Reflex Dystrophy, SRD) 96 
5 Osteoscleroses 99 
General 99 
Fluorosis 100 
Hypoparathyroidism 100 
Osteitis deformans (Paget) 102 
Osteomyelosclerosis 106 
Melorheostosis 108 
Osteopoikilosis 108 
6 Fractures 113 
General 113 
Types of Bone Fracture 114 
Normal Uncomplicated Fracture Healing 116 
Complications of Bone Fractures 122 
Pathological Bone Fractures 126 
7 Inflammatory Conditions of Bone 129 
General 129 
Paronychia (Panaritium Ossale) 132 
Osteomyelitis of the Jaws 132 
Osteomyelitis in Infants 132 
Osteomyelitis in Children 132 
Acute Purulent Osteomyelitis in Adults 134 
Chronic Osteomyelitis 138 
Brodie's Abscess 142 
Plasma Cell Osteomyelitis 142 
Non-purulent Sclerosing Osteomyelitis (Garr) 144 
Tuberculous Osteomyelitis 144 
BCG Osteomyelitis 148 
Boeck's Sarcoidosis of Bone 
(Jngling's Ostitis Cystoides Multiplex) 150 
Syphilitic Osteomyelitis (Syphilis of Bone) 152 
Typhoid Osteomyelitis 154 
Bang's Osteomyelitis (Osteomyelitic Brucellosis) 154 
Fungal Osteomyelitis 156 
Echinococcosis of Bone 158 
Inflammatory Periostitis Ossificans 160 
Traumatic Periostitis Ossificans 160 
Ossifying Periostosis Due to Impairment of the Blood Supply 162 
Tumorous Ossifying Periostosis 162 
Osteoarthropathie hypertrophiante pneumique 
(Pierre Marie-Bamberger) 162 
8 Bone Necroses 164 
General 164 
The Normal Blood Supply of Bone 166 
Idiopathic Bone Necroses 170 
Femoral Head Necrosis 172 
Anemic Bone Infarction 174 
Caisson Disease 174 
Spontaneous Bone Necroses 176 
Perthes' Disease 176 
Kienbck's Disease (Lunatomalacia) 176 
Causal Bone Necroses 178 
Radiation Bone Necroses 178 
Post-traumatic Bone Necrosis 178 
Inflammatory Bone Necrosis 180 
9 Metabolic and Storage Diseases 183 
General 183 
Gout 184 
Amyloidosis of Bone 186 
Diabetic Osteopathy 188 
Gaucher's Disease 192 
Ochronosis 192 
10 Bone Granulomas 195 
General 195 
Histiocytosis X (Langerhans' histocytosis): 
Eosinophilic Bone Granuloma (ICD-O-DA-M-4405/0) 196 
Hand-Schller-Christian's Disease 198 
Abt-Letterer-Siwe's 198 
Lipoid Granulomatosis (Erdheim-Chester Disease) 200 
Membranous Lipodystrophy (Nasu's Disease) 200 
Malignant Histiocytosis (ICD-O-DA-M-9720/3) 202 
Reparative Giant Cell Granuloma of the Jaws 
(ICD-O-DA-M-4413/0) 204 
Giant Cell Reaction of the Short Tubular Bones 
(ICD-O-DA-M-4411/0) 204 
11 Bone Tumors 207 
General 207 
Cartilaginous Tumors 214 
Osteochondroma (ICD-O-DA-M-9210/0) 214 
Subungual Osteocartilaginous Exostosis 218 
Enchondroma (ICD-O-DA-M-9220/0) 218 
Periosteal (Juxtacortical) Chondroma (ICD-O-DA-M-9221/0) 224 
Proliferating Chondroma 224 
Chondroblastoma ("Codman's Tumor") (ICD-O-DA-M-9230/0) 226 
Chondromyxoid Fibroma (ICD-O-DA-M-9241/0) 230 
Chondrosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9220/3) 236 
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma 246 
Clear-Cell Chondrosarcoma 248 
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9240/3) 250 
Periosteal and Extraskeletal Chondrosarcoma 
(ICD-O-DA-M-9221/3) 252 
Osseous Bone Tumors 255 
Introductory Remarks 255 
Osteoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9180/0) 256 
Osteoid Osteoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9191/0) 260 
Osteoblastoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9200/0) 264 
Aggressive Osteoblastoma 270 
Bone Island (Compact Island) 274 
Osteosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9180/3) 274 
Telangiectatic Osteosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9183/3) 280 
Small Cell Osteosarcoma 284 
Epithelioid Osteosarcoma 284 
Intraosseous Well-Differentiated Osteosarcoma 286 
Parosteal Osteosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9190/3) 288 
Periosteal Osteosarcoma 292 
High-Grade Surface Osteosarcoma 296 
Paget's Osteosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9184/3) 298 
Postradiation Osteosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9180/3) 300 
Bone Sarcomas in Bone Infarcts 302 
Fibrous Tissue Bone Tumors 307 
Introductory Remarks 307 
Non-ossifying Bone Fibroma (ICD-O-DA-M-7494/0) 308 
Xanthofibroma of Bone (ICD-O-DA-M-8831/0) 312 
Fibromyxoma of Bone (ICD-O-DA-M-8811/0) 312 
Metaphyseal Fibrous Cortical Defect (ICD-O-DA-M-7491/0) 314 
Fibroblastic Periosteal Reaction (ICD-O-DA-M-4900/0) 314 
Ossifying Bone Fibroma (ICD-O-DA-M-9262/0) 316 
Osteofibrous Bone Dysplasia (Campanacci) 316 
Fibrous Bone Dysplasia (Jaffe-Lichtenstein) 
(ICD-O-DA-M-7491/0) 318 
Desmoplastic Bone Fibroma (ICD-O-DA-M-8823/1) 322 
Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma (ICD-O-DA-M-8832/0) 322 
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (ICD-O-DA-M-8830/3) 324 
Fibrosarcoma of Bone (ICD-O-DA-M-8810/3) 330 
Giant Cell Tumor of Bone (Osteoclastoma) 
(ICD-O-DA-M-9250/1) 337 
Osteomyelogenous Bone Tumors 345 
Introductory Remarks 345 
Osseous Lipoma (ICD-O-DA-M-8850/0) 346 
Osseous Liposarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-8850/3) 346 
Medullary Plasmocytoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9730/3) 
(Multiple Myeloma) 348 
Ewing's Sarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9260/3) 352 
Malignant Lymphoma of Bone (Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, 
Reticulum Cell Sarcoma) (ICD-O-DA-M-9640/3) 358 
Osseous Hodgkin Lymphoma (Hodgkin's Disease, Malignant 
Lymphogranulomatosis) (ICD-O-DA-M-965/3) 362 
Leukemia (ICD-O-DA-M-9800/3) 364 
Malignant Mastocytosis (Mast Cell Reticulosis, 
Systemic Mastocytosis) (ICD-O-DA-M-9741/3) 366 
Vascular Bone Tumors (and other Bone Tumors) 369 
Introductory Remarks 369 
Hemangioma of Bone (ICD-O-DA-M-9120/0) 370 
Hemangiosarcoma of Bone (ICD-O-DA-M-9120/3) 376 
Adamantinoma of the Long Bones (ICD-O-DA-M-9261/3) 378 
Chordoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9370/3) 382 
Neurogenic Bone Tumors 386 
Osseous Neurinoma (Neurolemoma, Schwannoma) 
(ICD-O-DA-M-9560/0) 386 
Osseous Neurofibroma (ICD-O-DA-M-9540/0) 386 
Neuroblastoma (Sympathicoblastoma) (ICD-O-DA-M-9490/3) 388 
Muscular Bone Tumors 390 
Osseous Leiomyoma (ICD-O-DA-M-8890/0) 390 
Osseous Leiomyosarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-8890/3) 390 
Malignant Osseous Mesenchymoma 392 
Bone Metastases 396 
Tumor-like Bone Lesions 407 
Introductory Remarks 407 
Juvenile Bone Cyst (ICD-O-DA-M-3340-4) 408 
"Cementoma" of the Long Bones (ICD-O-DA-M-9272/0) 410 
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ICD-O-DA-M-3364-0) 412 
Intraosseous Ganglion 418 
Subchondral Bone Cyst 418 
Calcaneus Cyst 420 
Intraosseous Epidermal Cyst 420 
12 Degenerative Joint Diseases 423 
General 423 
Arthrosis Deformans 424 
Osteochondrosis Dissecans 430 
Degenerative Lesions of the Meniscus 432 
Traumatic Lesions of the Meniscus 434 
Degenerative Changes in the Vertebral Column 436 
13 Inflammatory Joint Diseases 441 
General 441 
Rheumatoid Arthritis 442 
Non-specific Spondylitis 448 
Spondylarthritis Ankylopoetica (Bechterew's Disease) 450 
Non-specific and Specific Arthritis 452 
14 Tumorous Joint Diseases 457 
General 457 
Synovial Chondromatosis (ICD-O-DA-M-7367.0) 458 
Lipoma arborescens (Diffuse Articular Lipomatosis) 460 
Localized Nodular Synovitis 462 
Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis (ICD-O-DA-M-4783.0) 464 
Synovial Sarcoma (ICD-O-DA-M-9040/3) 466 
15 Parosteal and Extraskeletal Lesions 471 
General 471 
Ganglion 472 
Chronic Bursitis 472 
Baker Cyst 474 
De Quervain's Tendovaginitis Stenosans 474 
Benign Giant Cell Tumor of the Tendon Sheath 476 
Myositis Ossificans 478 
Extraosseous Osteosarcoma 482 
Extraosseous Chondrosarcoma 484 
Tumorous Calcinosis 484 
Thibirge-Weissenbach Syndrome 486 
16 Examination Techniques 489 
General 489 
1 Scope of Radiological Procedures for Examining the Skeleton 490 
2 Macroscopic Specimens 494 
3 Bone Biopsy Techniques 496 
4 Histological Preparation 498 
Frozen Sections (Rapid Examination) 498 
Semithin Sections 498 
Fixation 498 
5 Embedding in Plastic 500 
6 Bone Decalcification and Paraffin Embedding 500 
7 Tissue Staining 502 
8 Diagnostic Immunohistochemistry 506 
9 Histomorphometry 510 
10 Microradiography 512 
11 Cytophotometry of Bone Tumors 515 
References 531 
Subject Index 571 
Origin of Specimens Illustrated in this Book 589 
END
