ISBN: 3-540-67138-2
TITLE: Frontiers of Laser Physics and Quantum Optics
AUTHOR: Xu, Zhizhan; Xie, Shengwu; Zhu, Shi-Yao; Scully, Marlan O. (Eds.)
TOC:

Super Classical Quantum Mechanics:
The Interpretation of Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
Willis E. Lamb, Jr 1
1 A Little Bit of My Early History 1
2 Attempts to get to the Schrdinger Equation in Different Ways 2
3 Quantum Theory of Measurement 3
4 Rewriting the History of Quantum Mechanics 3
5 Historical Misunderstandings 4
6 What are the Troubles of Classical Mechanics? 4
7 Discussion 5
8 What are some Troubles with the Determinism of Newtonian Classical Mechanics? 6
9 Let's Try Going into the x, p Phase Space 7
10 Probability Density in Coordinate Space 8
11 Getting a Partial Differential Equation for Psi(x, t) 9
12 I will now show that we can deal with Newtonian Mechanics. Let's test this out with our three simple problems 10
13 If it weren't for stationary states, we would not have Quantum Mechanics 11
14 We also want to have time-dependent solutions 11
15 Method of a complex Gaussian Psi function 12
16 Free Particle 13
17 Free fall in a constant uniform force field 14
18 Simple harmonic oscillator 14
19 Some properties of a complex Gaussian function. 14 
20 Non-parabolic Potentials! 15
21 More General Potential Functions 16
22 Ehrenfest's Theorem Revisited 16
23 Stationary States 17
24 Extensions to other Problems: Magnetic Fields, Relativity, Spin? 17
25 Exchange Degeneracy 18
26 Remarks on Spin and Magnetic Moments 18
27 In Retrospect 19
References 19
The Laser Phase Transition Analogy and the Partition Function for Bose Condensation of N Atoms in a Trap
Marlan O. Scully 23
References 25
Appendix 25
Excess Quantum Noise in Nonnormal Oscillators
A. E. Siegman 31
1 Introduction and Background 31
2 Normal and Nonnormal Laser Modes 32
3 Consequences of Nonnormal Modes 34
4 Derivation of the Excess Noise Factor 35
References 37
Single Atom Masers and Lasers
Herbert Walther 39
1 Introduction 39
2 Experiments with the One Atom Maser 40
3 Ion Trap Experiments 57
4 Conclusions 64
References 65
Quantum Entanglement: from Popper's Experiment to Quantum Eraser
Yanhua Shih, Yoon-Ho Kim 71
1 Introduction 71
2 Popper's Experiment 72
3 Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser 80
4 Conclusion 87
References 89
Sub-Shot-Noise Measurements and Quantum-repeater Using Quantum Correlated Twin Beams
Kunchi Peng, Hai Wang, Jiangrui Gao, Yun Zhang, Hong Su, Xiaoying Li, Qing Pan, Changde Xie 91
1 Introduction 91
2 Sub-Shot-noise optical measurements 92
3 Quantum-repeater 92
References 96
Mirrorless Oscillation Basedon Resonantly Enhanced4-Wave Mixing: All-Order Analytic Solutions
M. Fleischhauer 97
1 Introduction 97
2 Model and Atomic Polarizations 98
3 Stationary field equations and analytic solutions 101
4 Summary. 106
References 106
Recent Progress in High-FieldLaser Physics Research at SIOFM
Zhizhan Xu, Ruxin Li, Zhong Li, Yingsong Wang, Wei Yu, Ya Cheng 107
1 Introduction 107
2 The 5TW/46fs Laser System 108
3 High-Order Harmonic Generation in Gases 108
4 Ion Emission from Laser Heated Clusters 113
5 Conclusions 115
References 116
Spatial Electron Clouds at Fractional and Multiple Magneto-optical Resonances
Q. Su, R.E. Wagner, P.J. Peverly, R. Grobe 117
References 122
Aspect of Harmonic Generation from Solid Surface Plasma by Using Picosecond Laser
Hiroto Kuroda, Atsushi Ishizawa, Tsuneyuki Ozaki, Teruto Kanai 125
1 Introduction 125
2 Experimental Setup 127
3 Experimental Results 128
4 Harmonic Yield Dependence on Pump Polarization 133
5 Harmonic Yield Dependence on Pump Intensity 135
6 Conclusion 135
References 136
Generation of Short X-ray Pulse from Femtosecond Laser Produced Plasma and its Application
Hidetoshi Nakano, Peixiang Lu, Tadashi Nishikawa, Naoshi Uesugi 139
1 Introduction 139
2 X-ray emissions from metal plasma created by a femtosecond laser pulse 140
3 Pump-probe spectroscopy in soft x-ray region 143
4 Summary. 147
References 147
Multiple-Scattering Effects in the Second Harmonic Light Generatedat Randomly Rough Metallic Interfaces
E. R. Mndez, M. Leyva-Lucero, T. A. Leskova, A. A. Maradudin 149
1 Introduction 149
2 Theoretical Formulation 151
3 Results and Discussion 157
4 Summary and Conclusions 169
References 170
Pump-Probe Spectroscopy - Revisited
P. R. Berman 173
1 Introduction 173
2 Density Matrix Result 175
3 Amplitude Calculation 176
4 Open System 180
5 Recoil-Induced Resonances 181
6 Collective Atomic Recoil Laser 183
7 Conclusion 185
References 186
Electromagnetically Induced Waveguides and Propagation in Forbidden Zone
G.S. Agarwal 187
1 Electromagnetic Field Induced Propagation in Forbidden Zone 187
2 Electromagnetic Field Induced Wave Guides 191
References 194
Photon Localization and Exponential Scaling of Intensity Variance
Andrey A. Chabanov, Azriel Z. Genack 197
References 201
Coherence and Fluctuation of Light from Rough Surface Scattering
Zu-Han Gu, Jun Q. Lu, Mikael Cififtan 203
1 Introduction 203
2 Theory 204
3 Angular correlation effects 209
4 Summary. 219
References 222
Multiple-Scattering Phenomena in the Scattering of Light from Randomly Rough Surfaces
E. I. Chaikina, E. E. Garca-Guerrero, Zu-Han Gu, T. A. Leskova, Alexei A. Maradudin, E. R. Mndez, A. V. Shchegrov 225
1 Introduction 225
2 Enhanced Backscattering 226
3 Satellite peaks 240
4 Surface Enhanced Spectral Shifts of Scattered Light 249
5 Design of Band-Limited Uniform Diffusers 253
6 Some Directions for Future Research 256
References 257
Stimulated Raman Scattering of SolidHydrogen in the Strong-Coupling Regime
K. Hakuta, M. Katsuragawa, J.Z. Li, J. Q. Liang, M. Suzuki 261
1 Introduction 261
2 SRS Process in Solid Hydrogen261
3 Preparation of Solid Hydrogen 263
4 Evolution of Anti-Phased State Coherence 263
5 Coherence Decay for the Raman transition 265
6 Concluding Remarks 266
References 267
Femtosecond Soliton Propagation in an Optical Fiber
Sien Chi, Chi-Feng Chen 269
1 Introduction 269
2 Derivation of the Wave Equation 270
3 Numerical Results 274
4 Conclusions 280
References 281
Control of Spontaneous Processes
S. Swain, Peng Zhou 283
1 Introduction 283
2 Phase dependent spectra in a stochastic field 283
3 Cavity Induced Quantum Interference 287
References 291
Tests on Nonlinear Polymeric Waveguides for All-Optical Processing
Stefano Sottini, Francesca Gelli 293
1 Introduction 293
2 Preparation and linear characterization of guided-wave structures based on third-order organic molecules 294
3 Nonlinear tests with polydiacetylene films 301
4 Conclusions 303
References 305
Spectroscopic Methods for Atom Localization and Quantum State Measurement
Sajid Qamar, M. Suhail Zubairy 307
1 Introduction 307
2 Subwavelength atom localization 308
3 Quantum state measurement 312
References 318
Teleporting an Atomic Wavepacket
Scott Parkins, Jeff Kimble 321
1 Introduction 321
2 Motion-light couplng 322
3 Teleportation Procedure 324
4 Discussion 328
References 328
Photon Bunching and Multi-photon Interference between Independent Parametric Down-Conversion Processes
Z. Y. Ou, J. -K. Rhee, L. J. Wang 331
1 Introduction 331
2 Photon Bunching Effect in Parametric Down-Conversion 332
3 Interference of Independent Parametric Down-Conversion fields 335
4 Four-photon multi-path interference 339
5 Discussion and Summary 342
References 342
High Efficiency Frequency Up-Conversion Enhanced by Electromagnetically Induced Transparency
C. Dorman, I. Kucukkara, M. Anscombe, R. Semaoune, J.P. Marangos 345
1 Introduction 345
2 Calculation of Susceptibilities and Non-Linear Mixing 347
3 Experimental Details 349
4 Results and Discussion 352
5 Conclusion 355
References 356
On the way to Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical and Electro-Magnetic Traps
Q. Long, S. Y. Zhou, L. F. Xu, J. P. Yin, Y. Z. Wang 357
1 Experimental Work 357
2 Theoretical Work 359
References 361
Creation of Fock States in an Optical Cavity via Phonon-Photon Interaction
Eduardo Massoni, Miguel Orszag 363
1 Introduction 363
2 The model 364
3 Information Transfer 365
4 Numerical Simulation 369
5 Discussion 372
References 373
Spectral and Spatial Coherence in Solid State Raman Lasers
D.D. Smith, A. Oien, G.T. Bennett, T. Monarski 375
1 Introduction 375
2 Results. 375
3 Conclusions and Remarks 379
References 379
The Hole-Burning Phenomenon under the Action of a Coherent Field
Po Dong, Jin-Yue Gao 381
References 385
XUV Emissions from Terawatt Femtosecond Laser Produced Plasma Columns in Gases
Peixiang Lu, Hidetoshi Nakano, Tadashi Nishikawa, Naoshi Uesugi 387
1 Introduction 387
2 Experiment 387
3 OFI in a Strong Linearly Polarized Light Field 388
4 Experimental Results and Discussions 390
5 Summary. 392
References 392
Spectral, Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Few Cycle Optical Pulsed Beam
Zhong-yang Wang, Zhi-zhan Xu 393
1 Spectral shift on propagation of ultrashort pulse in the far zone 393
2 Scaling law on propagation of ultrashort pulse 394
3 Spectral properties of a truncated pulsed Gaussian beam 396
4 An analytical form of an ultrashort pulsed Gaussian beam 396
5 Summary. 398
References 398
Quantum Measurement of the State of a Coherently Coupled Dot Device
He-Bi Sun, Howard M. Wiseman, Dian W. Utami, Gerard J. Milburn 399
References 402
Controlling Magneto-Optical Rotation via Quantum Coherences
Anil K. Patnaik, G. S. Agarwal 403
1 Introduction 403
2 The Model Scheme and Determination of chi 404
3 Laser Field Induced Enhancement of MOR 405
4 Realization of a Magneto-Optical Switch 406
5 Conclusion 407
References 407
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on Twin Beams Generation by Non-degenerate Optical Parametric Amplifier
Yun Zhang, Hai Wang, Xiaoying Li, Hong Su, Changde Xie, Kunchi Peng 409
1 Introduction 409
2 Theory 410
3 Experiment 411
References 414
Line-Shape Variations of Two-Photon Transition in Molecular Rhomb-Type System Based on Quantum Interference
Weisheng Wang, Le Deng, Zhenrong Sun, Liang'en Ding. 415
1 Introduction 415
2 Theoretical work in Rhomb-type system 415
3 The result of experiment 418
4 Conclusion 419
References 419
Population Oscillation in Two-band Photonic Crystals Via Quantum Interference
Yaping Yang, Shi-Yao Zhu, Hong Chen 421
1 Introduction 421
2 The model 421
3 The properties of the populations 423
References 426
Two Dimensional Nonlinear Dynamics of Cold Atoms in Hollow Fiber
X. M. Liu, G. J. Milburn 427
1 The optical potential and Hamiltonian 427
2 Classic chaotic dynamics and 2D distribution 428
3 Two dimensional quantum nonlinear dynamics 429
References 430
Atomic-State Teleportation Using GHZ State
Shang-qing Gong, Zhong-yang Wang, Xun-li Feng, Zhi-zhan Xu 433
References 436
Experimental Implementation of Quantum Computing with Macroscopic Ensemble of Quantum Spins
Xiwen Zhu, Ximing Fang, Mang Feng, Fei Du, Kelin Gao, Xi'an Mao 437
1 Introduction 437
2 The network of quantum dense coding 438
3 The experimental procedure and result 438
References 440
Fabrication and Characterization of Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate
X.F.Chen, Q.Li, S.W.Xie, Y.X.Xia, Y.L.Chen, S.Sottini, E.Giorgetti, A.Carta, R.Ramponi, R.Osellame, M.Marangoni 443
1 Introduction 443
2 Fabrication and Characterization of PE Waveguides 444
3 Fabrication of PE Waveguides for Cerenkov SHG 446
4 Conclusion 447
References 448
A Statistic Model for Ion Clouds in Paul Traps
Jidong Hou, Yiqiu Wang, Donghai Yang 449
1 Some Problems of ion clouds in Paul traps 449
2 Assumptions and method in our model 451
3 Comparison between calculated and experimental results 452
4 Discussing laser cooling on ion clouds in a Paul trap 453
References 454
Single-Mode Self-Homodyne Tomography with Empty Cavity
Jing Zhang, Junxiang Zhang, Tiancai Zhang, Changde Xie, Kunchi Peng 455
1 Introduction 455
2 The model 456
3 Conclusion 459
References 459
Narrowing Central Line of Resonance Fluorescence Spectrum of the V-configuration of a Four-level Atom via Quantum Interference
Fu-Li Li, Shi-Yao Zhu 461
1 Introduction 461
2 Description of the Model 462
3 Results and Discussions 463
4 Summary. 465
References 466
A Proposal for Realizing BEC of 133Cs Atoms in Blue-Detuned Ar^+ Hollow-Beam Trap
Jianping Yin, Weijian Gao, Yiqiu Wang 467
1 Introduction 467
2 PHB cooling and trapping of Cs atoms 468 
3 Ar^+ HLB GOT and Raman cooling of Cs atoms. 469
4 The possibility of an optically trapped Cs BEC 471
5 Conclusion 472
References 472
Realization of the Long-Term Continuous Output for an Atom Laser: A Proposal
Yiqiu Wang, Xiaoji Zhou, Donghai Yang 473
References 476
Dynamics of AtomCavity system and Elimination of Momentum Elimination
Li-Xiang Cen, Shun-Jin Wang 477
1 Introduction 477
2 Dynamics of the system 477
3 Elimination of recoil effect 478
4 Conclusion 480
References 480
Influence of Squeezed Vacuum on Bistable Behavior
Chen Zhaoyang, Zhang Jingtao, Feng Xunli, Xu Zhizhan 481
1 Fixed-Period Problems: The Sublinear Case 481
References 484
Numerical Analysis of Wavelength Conversion Based on a Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror
Chi Nan, Chen Shuqiang, Guan Kejian 485
1 Introduction 485
2 Principle and System Model 485
3 Result and Discussion 486
References 488
Emission Spectrum of Two-Atom Two-Mode Multiphoton Raman Coupled Model
Feng Jian, Gao Yun-feng, Song Tong-qiang 489
1 Model and Emission Spectra 489
2 Results and Discussion 490
References 491
DFB X-Ray Laser Gain Per Unit in DeformedCrystals
M. M S. Gualini 493
1 Introduction 493
2 Semi-empirical approach 494
3 Conclusions 496
References 496
Statistical Properties of Fundamental and Second Harmonic Light with Multiplicative Noise
Jing Hu, Xiaoqin Luo, Shiqun Zhu 497
1 Introduction 497
2 Theoretical analysis 497
3 Comparison of theory and experiment 499
4 Effect of multiplicative noise 500
5 Discussion 500
References 500
Measurement of the Wigner Function via Atomic Beam Deflection
Ashfaq Hussain Khosa, Shi-Yao Zhu, M. Suhail Zubairy 503
1 Introduction 503
2 Wigner function of radiation field 505
References 508
Projection Pattern Reducing with Magnetic Lens in Atom Lithograpy
Zeng Qinglin, Li Chuanwen, Cai Weiquan, Huo Yunsheng, Wang Yuzhu 509
1 Introduction 509
2 Magnetic Lens 509
3 Analysis of the Spherical and Chromatic Aberration 510
4 Projection Reducing of Arbitrary Pattern 511
5 Conclusion 512
References 512
Atoms in the Magnetic Atomic Wave-Guide
Daijun Li, Xiaji Liu, Hu Huang, Shiqun Li, Yuzhu Wang 513
1 The idea of magnetic tube for atom guidance 513
2 The quantum atomic motion 514
References 516
Study of the Time-Resolved Spectra of C1 1 State for the InCl Molecule
Yunjing Li, Meirong Lin, Wenli Zou, Baozheng Zhang, Wenju Chen. 517
1 Introduction 517
2 Experiment 517
3 Theory 518
4 Result and Discussion 518
References 520
Emission Spectrum of a Three-Level Atom in a Photonic Crystal
Zhixin Lin, Yaping Yang, Hong Chen, Weiguo Feng 521
1 Introduction 521
2 Basic Theory 521
3 Spectrum and spectral analysis 523
References 524
Reduction of Light Speed in One-Dimensional Photonic Band-Gap Structures with a Defect
Nian-hua Liu, Shi-yao Zhu 525
References 528
Influence of the Kerr Medium on the Fidelity of Quantum State
Liu Tang-Kun, Wang Ji-Suo, Zhan Ming-Sheng 529
1 Introduction 529
2 The model 529
3 Influence of the Kerr medium on the fidelity of quantum state 531
4 Conclusion 532
References 532
Some Anomalous Phenomena of ^87Rb Atoms Fluorescence in a Quadrupole Magnetic Field
Q. Long, S.Y Zhou, Y.Z Wang 533
The Properties of the Macro-Quantum Superposition States Involving Three Elements
Ma Aiqun, Qian Yan, Xie Hongwei, Jiang Zhuohong 537
1 Introduction 537
2 Free evolution and mean photon number of the optical cat state 538
3 The second-order coherence of the optical cat state 539
4 The distribution of the optical cat state 539
References 540
Gain in Autler-Townes Doublet due to Interference in Decay Channels
Sunish Menon and G. S. Agarwal 541
1 Introduction 541
2 The Model 542
3 Quasi-Trapped-States From Interference of Decay Channels 544
4 Conclusions 545
References 545
Short-Wavelength Three-dimensional Photonic Crystals
Ouyang Zhengbiao, Li Jingzhen, Sun Yiling, Lin Min 547
1 Introduction 547
2 Ideas and Examples of Configuration of Practical 3-D Photonic Crystals 547
3 Conclusion 549
References 550
Diode-laser-based High Resolution Spectroscopy in Sm I
Hyunmin Park, Miran Lee, E. C. Jung, Jonghoon Yi, Yongjoo Rhee, Jongmin Lee 551
1 Introduction 551
2 Experiment 551
3 Results and Discussions 552
4 Conclusions 554
References 554
QND-Like Quantum Measurement with a Photon-Number Squeezed Light Beam
Peng Fanglin, Zhang Jing, Dong Ruifang, Zhang Tiancai. 555
References 558
The Dynamics of 1D H^+_2 Interacting with Ultrashort Laser Pulse
Weixing Qu, Zhaoyang Chen, Wei Yu, Wenqi Zhang, Shiqi Jin, Zhizhan Xu 559
References 562
3D Monte-Carlo Simulation of Zeeman Slower System with Two Level Atoms
Min-Gyu Kim, K.S. Lee, D.Y. Jeong, J.M. Han, Yong-joo Rhee, Jongmin Lee 563
1 Introduction 563
2 Light pressure to an atom 564
3 The Simulation and Result 565
References 566
The Enhancement of Spontaneous and Stimulated Emission by a Bose-Einstein Condensate
Tan Weihan, Yan Kezhu, Liu Renhong 567
References 570
The Small Phase Shift Measurement Using Frequency-DegeneratedTwin Beams
Hai Wang, Yun Zhang, Xiaoying Li, Jing Jietai, Changde Xie, Kunchi Peng 571
1 Introduction 571
2 The principle of measurement 572
References 574
Quantum Nondemolition Measurements in Degenerate Optical Parametric Oscillator
Wang Kaige, Wang Danling, Yang Guojian 575
1 Introduction 575
2 Description of DOPO model 575
3 QND performance 577
4 Conclusion 580
References 580
Production of Subfemtosecond Pulses Directly through High-order Harmonic Generation
Yingsong Wang, Zhizhan Xu 581
References 584
Spontaneous Emission from a Driven Atom Embedded in a Photonic Crystal
Shuangyuan Xie, Yaping Yang, Hong Chen, Shi-Yao Zhu, Xiang Wu 587
1 Introduction 587
2 Basic theory 587
3 The properties of the population 588
References 590
AC Magnetic Guide for Cold Atoms in an Ioffe Tube
Lifang Xu, Jianping Yin, Yuzhu Wang 591
References 594
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Neutral Atoms with Attractive Interaction in a Harmonic Trap
Yan Kezhu, Tan Weihan 595
References 598
Influence of Spontaneous Emission on Two-Atom Dark State Inside a Quantized Standing Wave Cavity
Guojian Yang, Weiqiao Zhen, Jian Wang 599
1 Introduction 599
2 Two-atom master equation 599
3 Two-atom dark states 600
4 The effects of spontaneous emission on dark state 601
5 Conclusion 603
References 605
Spectroscopic Study of Gadolinium Energy Levels by Resonant Multi-Photon Ionization
Jonghoon Yi, Jin Tae Kim, Huynmin Park, Jaemin Han, Yongjoo Rhee, Jongmin Lee 607
1 Introduction 607
2 Experiment and Results 608
3 Conclusions 609
References 610
Near-Field Optical Trap by Tapered Fibre Probe
Guoping Zhang, Zhuming Huang, Hai Ming 611
1 Introduction 611
2 Theory 611
3 Results and Discussions 612
4 Conclusions 613
References 614
Frequency Tunable Nonclassical Light Generation
Lingxiang He, Junmin Wang, Tiancai Zhang, Changde Xie, Kunchi Peng 615
1 Introduction 615
2 Theoretical analysis 615
3 Experimental setup 616
4 Experimental rusult 617
5 Conclusion 618
References 618
An Analytic Expression of EnhancedSpontaneous Emission in Semiconductor Microcavity Lasers
Xiaoxia Zhang, Wei Pan, Bin Luo, Hongchang L, Jianguo Chen 619
1 Introduction 619
2 Analytic Resolution of Steady-state Rate Equations620
3 Results and Discussions 620
References 621
Quantum Theory of the 3-Level-Atom Mazer
Zhi-Ming Zhang, Xiao-Xia Zhong, Chang-Huan Liao, Ai-Qun Ma, Shi-Kang Zhou 623
1 Introduction 623
2 General Theory 624
3 Emission Probability 624
4 Transmission Probability and Velocity Selection 624
5 Photon Statistics 625
6 Spectrum. 625
7 Summary. 625
References 626
Optical Wave Mixing of Interacting Charge-Transfer Excitons in Organic Crystalline Films
Ka-Di Zhu, Wai-Sang Li 627
1 Introduction 627
2 Theory 627
3 Conclusions 629
References 630
Synchronization of Chaos in a CoupledLaser System
Shiqun Zhu, Xianfeng Chen, Xiang Lu, K. Scott Thornburg, Jr., Gregory D. VanWiggeren, Rajarshi Roy 631
1 Introduction 631
2 Theoretical analysis 631
3 Loss of synchronization 632
4 Conclusion 634
References 634
Controlling the Time Evolution of an AtomCavity System via Atomic Feedback
X.-L. Feng, S.-Q. Gong, Z.-Y. Wang, Z.-Z Xu 635
References 638
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