ISBN: 3540672710
TITLE: Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials
AUTHOR: Inoue, A.; Hashimoto, K. (Eds.)
TOC:

1 Bulk Amorphous Alloys
A. Inoue 1
1.1 History of Bulk Amorphous Alloys 1
1.2 Dominant Factors for High Glass-Forming Ability 3
1.3 Crystal Nucleation and Growth Behavior of Alloys with High GFA 8
1.4 Continuous Cooling Transformation of Alloys with High GFA 10
1.5 Preparative Methods and Maximum Thickness of Bulk Amorphous Alloys 11
1.6 Structural Relaxation and Glass Transition 15
1.7 Physical Properties 20
1.7.1 Density 20
1.7.2 Electrical Resistivity 20
1.7.3 Thermal Expansion Coefficient 23
1.8 Mechanical Properties 24
1.9 Viscoelasticity 29
1.10 Soft Magnetic Properties 34
1.10.1 Formation and Soft Magnetic Properties of Bulk Amorphous Alloys 34
1.10.2 Glass-Forming Ability of Fe-(Al,Ga)-Metalloid, Fe-TM-B, and Co-TM-B Alloys 38
1.11 Viscous Flow and Microformability of Supercooled Liquids 39
1.11.1 Phase Transition of Bulk Amorphous Alloys 39
1.11.2 Deformation Behavior of Supercooled Liquids 40
1.11.3 Microforming of Supercooled Liquids 41
1.12 Bulk Amorphous Alloys Produced by Powder Consolidation 43
1.12.1 Consolidation Conditions 43
1.12.2 Density and Properties of Consolidated Bulk Amorphous Alloys 44
1.13 Applications and Future Prospects 47
References 48
2 Stress Relaxation and Diffusion in Zr-Based Metallic Glasses Having Wide Supercooled Liquid Regions
Y. Kawamura, T. Shibata, A. Inoue, T. Masumoto, K. Nonaka, H. Nakajima, and T. Zhang 52
2.1 Introduction 52
2.2 Experiments 53
2.3 Results and Discussion 54
2.3.1 Stress Relaxation in Zr_65Al_10Ni_10Cu_15 Metallic Glass 54
2.3.2 Diffusion in Zr_55Al_10Ni_10Cu_25 Metallic Glass 61
2.4 Conclusions 67
References 67
3 The Anomalous Behavior of Electrical Resistance for Some Metallic Glasses Examined in Several Gas Atmospheres or in a Vacuum
O. Haruyama, H. Kimura, N. Nishiyama, T. Aoki, and A. Inoue 69
3.1 Introduction 69
3.2 Experimental Procedure 71
3.3 Results and Discussion 71
3.3.1 Pd-Si Based Glasses 71
3.3.2 Pd_40Ni_10Cu_30P_20 Glass 77
3.3.3 Zr_60Al_15Ni_25 Glass 79
3.3.4 Change in Electrical Resistivity Associated with Glass Transition 80
3.4 Concluding Remarks 84
References 85
4 Methods for Production of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Materials and Their Unique Properties
T. Aihara, E. Akiyama, K. Aoki, M. Sherif El-Eskandarany, H. Habazaki, K. Hashimoto, A. Kawashima, M. Naka, Y. Ogino, K. Shimiyama, K. Suzuki, and T. Yamasaki 87
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Crystalline-Amorphous Cyclic Transformation of Ball Milled Co_75Ti_25 Alloy Powder 88
4.2.1 Use of Mechanical Alloying Technique for Amorphization 88
4.2.2 Ball Milling Procedure and Analyzing Technique 88
4.2.3 Structural Changes vs. Milling Time 89
4.2.4 TEM Observations 90
4.2.5 Magnetization 92
4.2.6 Thermal Stability 93
4.2.7 Possible Reasons for the Cyclic Crystalline-Amorphous Transformations 95
4.3 Formation of Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Ni-W Alloys by Electrodeposition and Their Mechanical Properties 96
4.3.1 Electrodeposition  A Method for the Production of the Amorphous Materials 96
4.3.2 Preparation of Ni-W Alloys and Technique Used for Studies 97
4.3.3 Brittleness of the As-electrodeposited Ni-W Alloys 104
4.3.4 Hardness of the Nanocrystalline Ni-W Alloys 105
4.4 Formation of Ti-Based Amorphous Alloys by Sputtering and Their Physical Properties 109
4.4.1 Sputtering Technique 109
4.4.2 Samples Preparation and Description of the Analytical Equipment Used 109
4.4.3 Structure and Mechanical Properties of Sputtered Alloys 110
4.4.4 Amorphous to Crystalline Phase Transition 114
4.5 Hydrogen Evolution Characteristics of Ni-Mo Alloy Electrodes Prepared by Mechanical Milling and Sputter Deposition 115
4.5.1 CO_2 Recycling Problem 115
4.5.2 Experimental Procedure 116
4.5.3 Mechanically Alloyed Ni-Mo Electrodes 118
4.5.4 Sputter-deposited Ni-Mo Electrode 122
4.6 Concluding Remarks 128
References 130
5 Amorphous and Partially Crystalline Alloys Produced by Rapid Solidification of The Melt in Multicomponent (Si,Ge)-Al-Transition Metals Systems
D. V. Louzguine and A. Inoue 133
5.1 Introduction 133
5.2 Multicomponent Fully Amorphous Si and Ge-based Alloys 135
5.2.1 Influence of Composition and Cooling Rate on the Structure of (Si,Ge)-Al-TM Alloys 135
5.2.2 Reasons for the Elevated Glass-forming Ability 139
5.2.3 Properties 140
5.2.4 Thermal Stability and Crystallization of the Amorphous Phase 142
5.2.5 Production of Bulk Amorphous Samples by Hot Pressing Densification Behaviour 146
5.3 Precipitation of Nanocrystalline c-Ge Particles in Mixed Si-Ge-Al-TM and Ge-Si-Al-TM Alloys 150
5.3.1 Microstructure and Phase Composition of Rapidly Solidified Si-Ge-Al-TM Alloys 150
5.3.2 Crystallization Process in the Rapidly Solidified Si-Ge-Al-TM Alloys 157
5.3.3 The Effect of Si Addition to Melt Spun Ge-Al-TM Alloys 160
References 164
6 Global CO_2 Recycling  Novel Materials, Reduction of CO_2 Emissions, and Prospects
K. Hashimoto, K. Izumiya, K. Fujimura, M. Yamasaki, E. Akiyama, H. Habazaki, A. Kawashima, K. Asmi, K. Shimamura, and N. Kumagai 166
6.1 Introduction 166
6.2 Global CO_2 Recycling 167
6.3 Key Materials for Global CO_2 Recycling 169
6.3.1 Cathode Materials 169
6.3.2 Anode Materials 174
6.3.3 Catalysts for CO_2 Methanation 179
6.4 A Global CO_2 Recycling Plant for Substantiation of the Idea 182
6.5 Energy Balance and Amounts of Reduction of CO_2 Emissions 183
6.6 Economy of the Global CO_2 Reduction 184
6.7 Concluding Remarks 185
References 185
7 Formation of Nano-sized Martensite and its Application to Fatigue Strengthening
M. Shimojo and Y. Higo 186
7.1 Introduction 186
7.2 Formation of Micro-sized Martensite 186
7.3 Formation of Nano-sized Martensite 191
7.4 Application of Micro and Nano-sized Martensite to Materials Strengthening 196
7.5 Conclusions and Future Work 204
References 204
Index 205
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