ISBN: 3540679537
TITLE: Magnetic Flux Structures in Superconductors
AUTHOR: Huebener, R.P.
TOC:

Contents 
1. Introduction 1 
2. Magnetic Properties of Type-I Superconductors 4 
2.1 Meissner Effect, Penetration Depth, and Coherence Length 4 
2.2 Intermediate State and Wall Energy 13 
2.3 Landau Domain Theory 16 
2.4 Domain Patterns 21 
3. Ginzburg-Landau Theory 33 
3.1 Free Energy and the Ginzburg-Landau Equations 34 
3.2 The Two Characteristic Lengths (T ), (T ) 
and the Wall-Energy Parameter 37 
3.3 Critical Current in a Thin Film or Wire 41 
3.4 Quantization of the Fluxoid 44 
3.5 Nucleation of Superconductivity in Bulk Samples 46 
3.6 Nucleation of Superconductivity at Surfaces 48 
3.7 Abrikosov Vortex State Near Hc2 50 
4. Magnetic Properties of Type-II Superconductors 58 
4.1 Mixed State 58 
4.2 London Model 61 
4.2.1 Isolated Vortex Line 61 
4.2.2 Lower Critical Field Hc1 64 
4.2.3 Interaction Between Vortex Lines 65 
4.2.4 Magnetization Near Hc1 67 
4.3 Clem Model 69 
4.4 Theory of the Static Vortex Structure 72 
4.5 Flux-Line Lattices 75 
4.5.1 Correlation Between the Vortex Lattice 
and the Crystal Lattice 75 
4.5.2 Defects in the Vortex Lattice 78 
4.6 Surface Effects 8 2 
4.6.1 Energy Barrier Near a Surface 8 3 
4.6.2 Vortex Nucleation at the Surface 8 6 
XII Contents 
4.7 Attractive Vortex Interaction 8 7 
4.7.1 Experiments 8 8 
4.7.2 Theory 92 
5. Thin Films 94 
6. Experimental Techniques 100 
6.1 Bitter Method 100 
6.2 Magneto Optics 102 
6.3 Micro Field Probes 110 
6.4 Neutron Diffraction 110 
6.5 Magnetization 114 
6.6 Miscellaneous 118 
7. Lorentz Force and Flux Motion 121 
7.1 Motion of Magnetic Flux Structures 121 
7.2 Lorentz Force 122 
7.3 Flux Flow Resistance 124 
7.4 Flux Penetration into a Superconductor 130 
7.5 Hall Effect 134 
7.6 Ettinghausen and Peltier Effect 136 
7.7 Josephson Relation. 138 
7.8Instabilities 141 
7.9 Force-Free Configurations 143 
8. Special Experiments 144 
8 .1 Magneto Optics 144 
8 .2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 145 
8 .3 Neutron Diffraction 145 
8 .4 Sharvin Point Contact 147 
8 .5 Magnetic Coupling 148 
8 .6 Micro Field Probes 152 
8 .7 Simulation Experiments 154 
9. Thermal Force and Flux Motion 155 
9.1 Thermal Force 155 
9.2 Nernst and Seebeck Effect 156 
9.3 Transport Entropy 160 
10. Time-Dependent Theories 165 
10.1 Phenomenological Theories 165 
10.2 Time-Dependent Ginzburg-Landau Theory 170 
Flux-Flow Resistivity 174 
Hall Effect 177 
Transport Entropy 177 
Contents XIII 
11. Flux Pinning 179 
11.1 Critical State 179 
11.2 Summation of Pinning Forces 18 4 
11.3 Fundamental Pinning Interactions 18 6 
11.3.1 Core Interaction 18 6 
11.3.2 Magnetic Interaction 18 7 
11.3.3 Elastic Interaction 18 9 
11.3.4 Ginzburg-Landau Free Energy 18 9 
11.4 Some Model Experiments 191 
12. Flux Creep and Flux Jumps 195 
13. Electrical Noise Power 200 
13.1 Autocorrelation Function and Power Spectrum 200 
13.2 Influence of the Geometry of the Contacts 205 
13.3 Experiments 209 
14. Current-Induced Resistive State 211 
14.1 Wire Geometry 211 
14.2 Thin Film Geometry 215 
14.2.1 Dynamic Model: Nucleation of Flux-Tube Trains 215 
14.2.2 Gibbs Free-Energy Barrier 220 
14.2.3 Constricted Geometry 221 
14.3 Microbridges 228 
14.4 Thermal Effects 231 
15. High-Temperature Superconductors: 
Summary of Recent Developments 235 
15.1 Overview 235 
15.2 Static Single Vortex 236 
15.2.1 Pancake Vortices 236 
15.2.2 Electronic Vortex Structure. 238 
15.2.3 Half-Integer Magnetic Flux Quanta 240 
15.3 Static Vortex Lattice 241 
15.3.1 Vortex Matter 241 
15.3.2 Electronic Structure 243 
15.4 Lorentz Force and Vortex Motion 245 
15.4.1 Thermally Assisted Flux Flow 245 
15.4.2 Broadening of the Resistive Transition 249 
15.4.3 Damping of the Vortex Motion and Hall Effect 251 
15.4.4 Flux-Flow Instabilities at High Velocities 254 
15.4.5 Dynamic Correlation 260 
15.4.6 Quantum Tunneling 261 
15.5 Thermal Force and Vortex Motion 261 
15.5.1 Thermal Diffusion of the Quasiparticles 262 
XIV Contents 
15.5.2 Thermal Diffusion of the Magnetic Flux Quanta 265 
15.5.3 Hall Angle 267 
15.6 Flux Pinning 268 
15.6.1 Vortex Glass and Universal Scaling 269 
15.6.2 Nanostructuring and Confined Geometries 270 
15.7 Vortex Imaging 271 
List of Symbols 275 
Bibliography 285 
References 287 
Index 307 
END
