ISBN: 3540423265
TITLE: Crime in Europe
AUTHOR: Entorf, Spengler
TOC:

1 Introduction 1
2 Descriptive Evidence on Magnitude and Development of Crime in Europe 5
2.1 Data Sources and Problems of Measurement 5
2.2 Crime in its Various Dimensions 7
2.3 Crime and Potential Factors of Crime 21
3 Socio-economic Causes, Interactions and Consequences of Crime 29
3.1 Plan of the Survey 29
3.2 Research on Causes and Interactions of Crime 31
3.2.1 Social Disorganisation Theory 32
3.2.2 Lifestyle / Routine Activity Theory 38
3.2.3 Economic Rational Choice Theory 41
3.2.4 Differential Association / Social Learning Theory 49
3.2.5 Social Control Theory 51
3.2.6 Self-control Theory 53
3.2.7 Strain Theory 55
3.2.8 Interactional Theory 58
3.2.9 Wealth, Economic Growth and Economic System 66
3.2.10 Poverty and Inequality 67
3.2.11 Labour Market 68
3.2.12 Social Security 73
3.2.13 Family 74
3.2.14 Peers and Gangs 75
3.2.15 Social Class 76
3.2.16 Mobility and Community Change 76
3.2.17 Age, Gender and Nationality / Race 77
3.2.18 Urbanity 77
3.2.19 Law Enforcement 78
3.2.20 Private Crime Prevention 79
3.2.21 Media 79
3.2.22 Religion / Religiosity 81
3.2.23 Weather 82
3.3 The Impact of Crime on Economic Performance 82
3.3.1 On the Importance of Bi-Directional Crime Models 82
3.3.2 Labour Market Outcomes 83
3.3.3 Location Decisions and Crime 87
3.3.4 Costs of Crime 89
3.3.5 Drug Abuse 91
3.3.6 Corruption and Organised Crime 92
3.4 Summary of Crime Related Indicators 93
4 Development of a Methodological Framework for the Empirical Analysis of Crime 97
4.1 The Methodology 97
4.1.1 Criminometrics 97
4.1.2 A Real-World Example Using Data from EU Member States 104
4.2 The Parameterised Model 108
4.2.1 General Framework 108
4.2.2 Construction of Factors of Regional Criminality and of Leading Criminality Indicators 109
4.2.3 Identification of Criminality Indicators of Economic Performance 111
5 Criminometric Results on Causes and Consequences of Crime in Europe 113
5.1 Data Availability 113
5.1.1 Socio-economic Data 114
5.1.2 Crime Data 118
5.2 Empirical Results Based on National Data 124
5.2.1 Causes of Crime 124
5.2.2 The Impact of Crime on Economic Performance 140
5.3 Empirical Results Based on Regional Data 150
5.3.1 Causes of Crime 155
5.3.2 Consequences of Crime 163
6 Conclusions 171
Results Known from the Scientific Literature 171
Data and Methods 172
Causes of Crime 173
Consequences of Crime 176
Interpretation of Results, Policy Conclusions 176
Appendix 179
References 221
END
