LB-SEARCH (Springer's LINK Server) LB-CONTENTS GROUP VIII
: Advanced Materials and TechnologiesVOLUME 3 
Energy Technologies SUBVOLUME A Fossil Energy 
Title page, Authors, Preface
Introduction (K. HEINLOTH) 1

1 
Energy survey (K. HEINLOTH) 4

1.1 
Worldwide demand and supply of energy 4

1.2 
Efficient use of energy 10

1.3 
References for 1 13

2 
Fossil fuels 14

2.1 
Coal exploitation technologies (H.-W. SCHIFFER) 14

2.1.1 
The role of coal in world energy supply 14

2.1.2 
World coal deposits 14

2.1.3 
Deposits 14

2.1.4 
Extraction types and mining techniques 15

2.1.5 
Beneficiation 18

2.1.6 
Quality requirements 19

2.1.7 
Transportation and handling 20

2.1.8 
Costs of the entire coal chain 21

2.1.9 
Price formation 22

2.1.10 
Prospects 24

2.1.11 
References for 2.1 24

2.2 
Oil exploitation technologies (M. KOSINOWSKI) 25

2.2.1 
Introduction 25

2.2.2 
Amount of global resources 26

2.2.3 
Principles of technology 29

2.2.4 
Emissions related to exploration, production and consumption of oil 36

2.2.5 
Specification of cost 37

2.2.6 
Cumulative energy demand for providing fuels 38

2.2.7 
Availability of oil: An outlook 38

2.2.8 
References for 2.2 39

2.3 
Natural gas exploitation technologies (R. GHOFRANI, C. MARX) 40

2.3.1 
Introduction 40

2.3.2 
Amount of resources 42

2.3.3 
Principle technology 49

2.3.4 
Emission of gas 56

2.3.5 
Costs 59

2.3.6 
Expenditure of energy from exploration to consumption 62


2.3.7 
2.3.8 
2.3.9 
2.3.10 
2.3.11 
2.3.12 
2.4 
2.4.1 
2.4.2 
2.4.3 
2.4.4 
2.4.5 
2.4.6 
2.4.7 
2.4.8 
3

3.1 
3.2 
3.3 
3.4 
3.5 
3.6 
3.7 
3.8 
4

4.1 
4.2 
4.3 
4.4 
4.5 
4.6 
4.7 
4.8 
4.9 
4.10 
4.11 
5

5.1 
5.1.1 
5.1.2 
5.1.3 
Drilling, completion and production 64

Gas processing 70

Transport and storage 74

Examples 79

Outlook 87

References for 2.3 88

CO2 removal and deposition (P. FREUND) 91

Introduction - The need to deal with CO2 emissions 91

Greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels 91

Methods available for tackling CO2 emissions 92

Practical implementation of CO2 capture and storage 94

97 
99 
100 
100 
102 
102 
116 
123 
129 
134 
138 
144 
149 
151 
151 
151 
152 
154 


Cost, efficiency, reliability and environmental impact 155

Design of Powerformer 156

System aspects 161

Application of Powerformer 163

Windformer - A new system for large-scale wind power production 163

Conclusion 164

References for 4 164

Transmission of electric power 165

Electrical energy supply system structure and components 165

(H.-J.
 HAUBRICH, B. PRIBICEVIC)Structure and organisation of electricity supply 165

Characteristics of electricity supply 168

Cost calculation 171


Cost and performance in use
Discussion
Conclusions
References for 2.4

Fossil-fueled power plants (E. WITTCHOW)
Power plant cycles
Conversion of fuel energy
Steam generators
Steam turbines
Gas turbines
Power plants and the environment
Power plant operation
References for 3

Electric power generators (M. LEIJON, R. LIU)
Powerformer concept
Background
Theory of Powerformer
The Powerformer invention

5.1.4 
5.1.5 
5.1.6 
5.2 
5.2.1 
5.2.2 
5.2.3 
5.2.4 
5.2.5 
5.2.6 
5.2.7 
6

6.1 
6.2 
6.3 
6.4 
6.5 6.6-8 
6.9 
7

7.1 
7.2 
7.3 
7.4 
8

8.1 
8.2 
8.3 
8.4 
8.5 
8.5.1 
8.5.2 
8.5.3 
8.5.4 
8.5.5 
8.6 
8.7 
9

Definition of terms 173

AC and DC technology 174

Transmission network elements 177

Wireless power transmission (H. MATSUMOTO) 187

Historical review of Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) 187

188 
189 
191 
193 
196 
197 
200 
200 
203 
204 
220 
223 

227 
228 
228 
230 
239 
244 


Road traffic technologies: Efficiency improvement of road vehicles or transportation 246

(H.
 ISHITANI)Energy consumption by transportation sector 246

Measures to respond to energy conservation in road traffic: Its overview 253

Technical options to solve energy issues 257

Efficient improvement using conventional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) 263

Alternative fuel /drive train vehicles 269

Unconventional/zero emission and/or alternative fuel vehicles 269

Electric Vehicle (EV) 269

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) 276

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) 288

Evaluation of "well to wheel" efficiency for alternative fuel vehicles 292

Infrastructures 296

References for 8 298

Rail and other guided transport technologies (S. SONE) 299

Energy consumption statistics 299

Analysis of energy consumption 300

Consideration on associated energy problems 304

Energy saving technologies 306



9.5 
Appendix: Comparison of the two super-speed Maglev systems	317

9.6 
References for 9	319

10	
Air traffic technologies (H. GRIEB) 320

10.1	
Introduction 320

10.2	
Thermodynamic cycle data and performance characteristics as progress indicators of 322

turbofan and ducted propfan technology

10.3	
Airframe technology trends 329

10.4	
Ecological aspects 330

10.5	
Engine development options 335

10.6	
Final remarks 337

10.7	
List of symbols and abbreviations used in 10 337

10.8	
References for 10 339

11	
Ship traffic propulsion technologies (H. MEIER-PETER) 340

11.1	
Introduction 340

11.2	
Marine propulsion systems efficiency 343

11.3	
Environmental requirements 343

11.4	
Marine fuels 345

11.5	
Propulsion systems 348

11.6 
Power transmission systems 353

11.7-8 
Safety and reliability in ship operation - Cost comparison 357

11.9	
References for 11 358



9.1 
9.2 
9.3 
9.4 
Overview of WPT
Microwave transmitter for WPT
Microwave receiver for WPT
Beam control for WPT
Solar power station/satellite - Application of WPT
References for 5

Electric batteries (K. YAMADA)
Definitions and principle of operation
Market size of batteries
Secondary batteries
Recovery and recycling
Life cycle analysis

Production costs - Disposal and recycling costs - Summary 
References for 6

Fuel cells (U. STIMMING)
Principles of fuel cells
Fuel cell systems
Examples for application of fuel cells
References for 7

