ISBN: 3790815047
TITLE: Applying Soft Computing in Defining Spatial Relations
AUTHOR: Matsakis, Sztandera (Eds.)
TOC:

Foreword v
Preface vii
Fuzzifying Spatial Relations 1
Hans W. Guesgen
1 Motivation 1
2 Imprecision in Spatial Relations 2
2.1 Conceptual Neighborhoods 2
2.2 Fuzzification of Allen Relations 5
3 Applying Allen's Algorithm to Fuzzy Relations 8
4 Other Fuzzy Relations 11
5 Fuzzy Constraint Satisfaction 12
6 Conclusion 15
Acknowledgement 15
References 15
Path Composition of Positional Relations Integrating Qualitative and Fuzzy Knowledge 17
Eliseo Clementini
1 Introduction 17
2 Composition of Positional Relations 19
2.1 Qualitative Distance Relations 19
2.2 Composition of Positional Relations 21
3 Path Composition 29
4 Integrating Qualitative and Fuzzy Knowledge 30
5 Fuzzy Knowledge Coming from Particular Distance Systems 33
6 Conclusions 37
Acknowledgments 38
References 38
Spatial Relations Based on Dominance of Fuzzy Sets 41
Les Sztandera
1 Spatial Relations 41
1.1 Introduction 41
1.2 Modeling of Spatial Relations 42
1.3 Comparison of Definitions of Spatial Relations 43
1.4 Summary 48
2 Spatial Relations Among Fuzzy Subsets 49
2.1 Introduction 49
2.2 The Idea of Projections 50
2.3 Definitions of Spatial Relations for Fuzzy Objects 50
2.4 Properties of Spatial Relations for Fuzzy Objects 51
2.5 Separation Measure 53
2.6 The Model for Spatial Relationships 55
2.7 Results of Sample Systems 56
2.8 Conclusions 57
References 62
Mathematical Morphology and Spatial Relationships: Quantitative, Semi-Quantitative and Symbolic Settings 63
Isabelle Bloch
1 Introduction 63
2 Basic Morphological Operations, Fuzzy and Logical Extensions 64
2.1 Classical Morphology on Sets and Functions 64
2.2 Fuzzy Mathematical Morphology 65
2.3 Morpho-Logics 66
3 Computing Spatial Relationships from Mathematical Morphology:
Quantitative and Semi-Quantitative Setting 69
3.1 Set Relationships 70
3.2 Adjacency 71
3.3 Distances 72
3.4 Directional Relative Position from Conditional Fuzzy Dilation 76
3.5 Example 79
4 Spatial Representations of Spatial Relationships 81
4.1 Spatial Fuzzy Sets as a Representation Framework 81
4.2 Set Relationships 83
4.3 Adjacency 84
4.4 Distances 84
4.5 Relative Directional Position 87
4.6 Example on Brain Structures 89
5 Symbolic Representations of Spatial Relationships 90
5.1 Topological Relationships 92
5.2 Distances 93
5.3 Directional Relative Position 94
6 Conclusion 95
References 95
Understanding the Spatial Organization of Image Regions by Means of Force Histograms: A Guided Tour 99
Pascal Matsakis
1 Introduction 99
2 The Notion of the Histogram of Forces 100
2.1 Description 101
2.2 Properties 102
2.3 Inverse Problem 103
3 Comparing Force Histograms 103
3.1 Principle 104
3.2 Application to Fuzzy Scene Matching 105
4 Defining Fuzzy Spatial Relations 107
4.1 Directional Relations 107
4.2 Other Spatial Relations 111
5 Generating Linguistic Spatial Descriptions 114
5.1 Principle 115
5.2 Application to Image Scene Description 116
5.3 Application to Human-Robot Communication 117
6 Conclusion 119
Acknowledgments 120
References 120
Fuzzy Spatial Relationships and Mobile Agent Technology in Geospatial Information Systems 123
Frederick E. Petry, Maria A. Cobb, Dia Ali, Rafal Angryk, Marcin Paprzycki, Shahram Rahimi, Lixiong Wen, Huiqing Yang
1 Introduction 123
2 Background 125
3 Fuzzy Directional Relationships and Querying 126
4 Extensions to the Model 132
4.1 Extensions to the Standard MBR Representation 132
4.2 Geometric Modeling Capabilities 136
4.3 An Extension for Expert System Implementation 138
4.4 A CLIPS Implementation 140
4.5 Fuzzy Querying of Binary Spatial Relationships 140
4.6 Modifications for Anomalous Cases 143
4.7 Oracle Implementation 146
5 Intelligent Agent Technology 149
5.1 Overview 149
5.2 Rule-Based Reasoning 150
5.3 Knowledge-Based Reasoning 151
5.4 Implementation 151
6 Summary and Future Work 153
Acknowledgments 153
References 153
Using Fuzzy Spatial Relations to Control Movement Behavior of Mobile Objects in Spatially Explicit Ecological Models 157
Vincent B. Robinson
1 Introduction 157
1.1 Information-Based Approaches to Ecological Modeling 158
1.2 Framework for Spatially Explicit Ecological Modeling 159
2 Modeling Habitat Landscape 161
2.1 Fuzzy Spatial Relations in Habitat Evaluation 161
2.2 An Example of Fuzzy Habitat Evaluation 162
2.3 Land Cover Classification and Habitat Modeling 164
3 Fuzzy Control of Spatial Movement 166
3.1 Perceptual Range as Fuzzy Spatial Relation 166
3.2 Controlling Foraging Movement 170
3.3 Controlling Exploratory Movement 171
3.4 Spatially Explicit Conspecific Interactions 172
4 Discussion 174
4.1 Fuzzy Rule-Base Models 174
4.2 Movement Direction and Memory 175
4.3 Fuzzy Logic and Robotics 175
4.4 Defining Fuzzy Spatial Relations 176
4.5 GIS Database Issues 176
4.6 Concluding Comment 177
References 177
A Fuzzy Set Model of Approximate Linguistic Terms in Descriptions of Binary Topological Relations Between Simple Regions 179
F. Benjamin Zhan
1 Introduction 179
2 Related Literature 181
2.1 The 9-Intersection Model of Topological Relations 181
2.2 Cognitive Aspects of Spatial Relations 182
2.3 Models of Spatial Relations Between Fuzzy Regions 183
2.4 Approximate Linguistic Terms in Descriptions of Spatial Relations 186
3 Fuzziness of Approximate Linguistic Terms - Preliminary Cognitive Evidences 187
3.1 Experimental Design 187
3.2 Results from Experiment One 190
3.3 Results from Experiment Two 192
4 A Fuzzy Set Model of Approximate Linguistic Terms 194
5 Discussion 196
6 Concluding Remarks 198
Acknowledgements 199
References 199
About the Editors 203
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