ISBN: 3540429921
TITLE: Topology Optimization
AUTHOR: Bendsoe / Sigmund
TOC:

1 Topology optimization by distribution of isotropic material 1
1.1 Problem formulation and parametrization of design 1
1.1 l Minimum compliance design 2
1.1.2 Design parametrization 4
1.1.3 Alternative problem forms 8
1.2 Solution methods 9
1.2.1 Conditions of optimality 9
1.2.2 Implementation of the optimality criteria method 12
1.2.3 Sensitivity analysis and mathematical programming methods 15
1.2.4 Implementation - the general concept 21
1.2.5 Topology optimization as a design tool 24
1.3 Complications 28
1.3.1 Mesh-refinement and existence of solutions 28
1.3.2 The checkerboard problem 39
1.3.3 Non-uniqueness, local minima and dependence on data 46 
1.4 Combining topology and shape design 47
1.5 Variations of the theme 53
1.5.1 Multiple loads 53
1.5.2 Variable thickness sheets 54
1.5.3 Plate design 58
1.5.4 Other interpolation schemes with isotropic materials 60
1.5.5 Design parametrization with wavelets 66
1.5.6 Alternative approaches 68
2 Extensions and applications 71
2.1 Problems in dynamics 72
2.1 l Free vibrations and eigenvalue problems 72
2.1.2 Forced vibrations 76
2.2 Buckling problems 77
2.3 Stress constraints 79
2.3.1 A stress criterion for the SIMP model 80
2.3.2 Solution aspects 81
2.4 Pressure loads 84
2.5 Geometrically non-linear problems 86
2.5.1 Problem formulation and objective functions 86
2.5.2 Choice of objective function for stiffness optimization 87
2.5.3 Numerical problems and ways to resolve them 89
2.5.4 Examples 90
2.6 Synthesis of compliant mechanisms 94
2.6.1 Problem setting 95
2.6.2 Output control 97
2.6.3 Path generating mechanisms 98
2.6.4 Linear modelling 100
2.6.5 Linear vs non-linear modelling 101
2.6.6 Design of thermal actuators 104
2.6.7 Computational issues 104
2.7 Design of supports 108
2.8 Alternative physics problems 110
2.8.1 Multiphysics problems 111
2.8.2 MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) 113
2.8.3 Stokes flow problems 115
2.9 Optimal distribution of multiple material phases 117
2.9.1 One material structures 118
2.9.2 Two material structures without void 119
2.9.3 Two material structures with void 120
2.9.4 Examples of multiphase design 121
2.10 Material design 122
2.10.1 Numerical homogenization and sensitivity analysis 123
2.10.2 Objective functions for material design 124
2.10.3 Material design results 126 
2.11 Wave propagation problems 138
2.11.1 Modelling of wave propagation 140
2.11.2 Optimization of band gap materials 144
2.11.3 Optimization of band gap structures 146
2.12 Various other applications 148
2.12.1 Material design for maximum buckling load 148
2.12.2 Crashworthiness 149
2.12.3 Bio-mechanical simulations 151
2.12.4 Applications in the automotive industry 152
3 Design with anisotropic materials 159
3.1 The homogenization approach 160
3.1.1 Parametrization of design 160
3.1.2 The homogenization formulas 162
3.1.3 Implementation of the homogenization approach 167
3.1.4 Conditions of optimality for compliance optimization - rotations and densities 169
3.2 Optimized energy functionals 173
3.2.1 Combining local optimization of material properties and spatial optimization of material distribution 174
3.2.2 A hierarchical solution procedure 176
3.3 Optimized energy functionals for the homogenization modelling 179
3.3.1 The stress based analysis of optimal layered materials 179
3.3.2 The strain based problem of optimal layered materials 182
3.3.3 The limiting case of Michell's structural continua 183
3.3.4 Comparing optimal energies 186
3.3.5 Optimal energies and the checkerboard problem 189
3.4 Design with a free parametrization of material 190
3.4.1 Problem formulation for a free parametrization of design 191
3.4.2 The solution to the optimum local anisotropy problems 192
3.4.3 Analysis of the reduced problems 196
3.4.4 Numerical implementation and examples 200
3.4.5 Free material design and composite structures 202
3.5 Plate design with composite materials 204
3.5.1 The homogenization approach for Kirchhoff plates 204
3.5.2 Minimum compliance design of laminated plates 206
3.6 Optimal topology design with a damage related criterion 214
3.6.1 A damage model of maximizing compliance 215
3.6.2 Design problems 218
4 Topology design of truss structures 221
4.1 Problem formulation for minimum compliance truss design 223
4.1.1 The basic problem statements in displacements 223
4.1.2 The basic problem statements in member forces 226
4.1.3 Problem statements including self-weight and reinforcement 229
4.2 Problem equivalence and globally optimized energy functionals 230
4.2.1 Conditions of optimality 230
4.2.2 Reduction to problem statements in bar volumes only 233
4.2.3 Reduction to problem statements in displacements only 235
4.2.4 Linear programming problems for single load problems 238
4.2.5 Reduction to problem statements in stresses only 240
4.2.6 Extension to contact problems 242
4.3 Computational procedures and examples 245
4.3.1 An optimality criteria method 246
4.3.2 A non-smooth descent method 247
4.3.3 SDP and interior point methods 248
4.3.4 Examples 250
4.4 Extensions of truss topology design 252
4.4.1 Combined truss topology and geometry optimization 252
4.4.2 Truss design with buckling constraints 255
44.3 Control of free vibrations 256
4.4.4 Variations of the theme 258
5 Appendices 261
5.1 Appendix: Matlab codes 261
5.1.1 A 99 line topology optimization code for compliance minimization 261
5.1.2 Matlab implementation 262
5.1.3 Extensions 264
5.1.4 Matlab code 267
5.1.5 A 105 line MATLAB code for compliant mechanism synthesis 269
5.1.6 A 91 line MATLAB code for heat conduction problems 270
5.2 Appendix: The existence issue 272
5.2.1 Variable thickness sheet design: Existence 272
5.2.2 Density design with a gradient constraint: Existence 274
5.3 Appendix: Aspects of shape design: The boundary variations method 276
5.3.1 Design parametrization in shape design 276
5.3.2 The basics of a boundary shape design method 277
5.4 Appendix: Homogenization and layered materials 280
5.4.1 The homogenization formulas 281
5.4.2 The smear-out process 283
5.4.3 The moment formulation 287
5.4.4 Stress criteria for layered composites 291
5.4.5 Homogenization formulas for Kirchhoff plates 295
5.4.6 Hashin-Shtrikman-Walpole (HSW) bounds 296
5.5 Appendix: Barrier methods for topology design 298
5.5.1 Notation 298
5.5.2 Interior-point methods 299
5.5.3 A barrier method for topology optimization 301
5.5.4 The free material multiple load case as a SDP problem 302
6 Bibliographical notes 305
6.1 Books and survey papers 305
6.2 Papers 307
References 319
Authorindex: 355
Index 365
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