ISBN: 3540289712
TITLE: Visa Policy within the European Union Structure
AUTHOR: Meloni
TOC:

Foreword V
List of abbreviations XI
Introduction 1
1 Visas in international and municipal laws 7
1.1 Limits an state discretion over the movement of persons across state frontiers 7
1.1.1 State discretion over entry, residence and expulsion of aliens 7
1.1.2 Limits an the State's discretion over exit of its nationals 19
1.1.3 Basic international law rules governing movement across frontiers 20
1.2 Legal and political significance of passports and visas 24
1.2.1 Definition and functions of passports 24
1.2.2 Definition and functions of visas 31
1.3 Conclusion 41
2 From early cooperation to failure of the Maastricht system 43
2.1 The proposed passport union 43
2.2 Pre-Maastricht Cooperation 46
2.2.1 The Single Market Project and interpretation of Article 8a 46
2.2.2 Intergovernmental cooperation: the Ad hoc Group an Immigration and the Coordinators Group 49
2.2.3 The Schengen Convention 52
2.3 The Treaty an European Union agreed at Maastricht 64
2.3.1 The negotiations 64
2.3.2 The Third Pillar an Justice and Home Affairs 67
2.3.3 Article 100c EC 74
2.4 Progress an visa policy under the Maastricht Treaty 75
2.4.1 The Visa Regulation and the Draft External Frontiers Convention 75
2.4.2 The Joint Action an Airport Transit Visas 80
2.4.3 The Regulation an a uniform format for visas 81
2.4.4 Other measures 82
2.5 Conclusion 83
3 Visa policy under Amsterdam: restrictiveness and flexibility 85
3.1 The negotiations leading to Title IV EC an visas, asylum, and immigration 85
3.2 The legal framework under Title IV EC 88
3.2.1 The legal basis 88
3.2.2 The variable geometry arrangements 91
3.2.3 Jurisdiction of the ECJ 96
3.2.4 Provisions safeguarding national competence 97
3.2.5 Emergency situations 98
3.3 The Vienna Action Plan and the Tampere European Council 99
3.4 Characteristics of the emerging common visa policy 100
3.4.1 Restrictiveness 100
3.4.2 Flexibility 109
3.5 No progress 114
3.5.1 Airport Transit Visas 114
3.5.2 Free movement for visa holders 115
3.6 Measures under development 115
3.7 Changes proposed by the Constitutional Treaty 116
3.8 Conclusion 118
4 Consistency 1: the Cross-pillar nature of visa policy 121
4.1 Managing the three-pillar structure: the EU as a unity 121
4.1.1 Relationship between the Pillars 121
4.1.2 Consistency 127
4.1.3 The EU as a single system 135
4.2 Consistency of Union activity under the Maastricht Treaty 138
4.2.2 Disputes over competence 138
4.2.3 Cross-pillar measures 139
4.3 Consistency of Union activity under the Amsterdam Treaty 141
4.3.1 Nature of the common visa policy: mutual recognition of entry conditions and cooperation under the intergovernmental Pillars 141
4.3.2 Local consular cooperation 155
4.4 Conclusion 161
5 Consistency II: the 'area of freedom, security and justice' 163
5.1 Consistency and maximization of Union activity 163
5.2 The European Council: formulating Union policy 164
5.2.1 Conclusions of the European Council 165
5.2.2 Common strategies 172
5.2.3 Implications of the role and approach of the European Council 174
5.3 The Council and the Commission " 176
5.3.1 The Vienna Action Plan 177
5.3.2 Comprehensive Plan to combat illegal immigration and trafficking in human beings 178
5.3.3 Integration of justice and home affairs concerns in the EU external policies 179
5.3.4 Coordination of treaty objectives 183
5.4 Conclusion 187
Conclusions 189
Annex 199 
References 203
Table of cases 215
Index 219
END
