Pedagogical Pattern #16
Physical Analogy Pattern

(Version 1.0)
Phil McLaughlin
ParcPlace-Digitalk UK
Waverly House, Farnham Business Park
Farnham
Surrey GU9 8QT
United Kingdom
p.mclaughlin@soc.staffs.ac.uk

Intent:

Use some real world objects to role play object concepts in order to reinforce object thinking.

Motivation:

Students new to Object Technology are frequently told about modeling objects in the 'real world'. Physical analogy helps to demonstrate key concepts and presents another metaphor to students as a mental cross reference for the topic. This is not a new concept.

Applicability:

Use Physical Analogy to reinforce concepts delivered in more traditional means

Structure:

Take whatever concept is being taught and use inanimate objects and/or the students in order to demonstrate it. There is some risk involved and careful judgement of the group dynamic is required from the tutor.

Consequences:

Traditional teaching (verbal / visual) of concepts is backed up by physical movement memory (kinesthetic - if memory serves correctly) thus enhancing retention.

Implementation:

Issues to Consider:
  1. Group Dynamic is important, Using Physical Analogy with some students may cause offence due to culture or other reasons.
  2. The example must be appropriate and simple or more time is spent explaining the scenario than the concept
  3. Short demonstrations have more impact

Related Patterns:

(none so far)

Example Instances:

Concept:
Message Passing and Encapsulation

Intent:
Introduce message passing and encapsulation and provide a demonstration of how the OO approach is inherently more robust than the procedural.

Method:
Pick two students.
Pick the most outgoing and try to lift him/her out of their seat without telling them what you are doing.
On a piece of paper write "Please stand up" and hand this to the other student.
Get them seated again and explain the demonstration

If It Works:
1) Students should appreciate that when sent an appropriate message behaviour is induced robustly.
2) Students should also appreciate that external functions acting on a data structure (trying to rearrange the state of the students musculo-skeletal system) is prone to error unless the exact algorithm is applied to identical objects.
3) If the piece of paper is passed around the room, the state of the entire collection of objects is changed purely due to message passing with encapsulated behaviour. One person may stand up differently to the next and so on.. but the desired result is achieved without undue problem.

Issues to consider:
Be careful in choice of analogy and 'victim' in order to avoid causing offence (to physically challenged students for example).
Try not to pick the largest and heaviest student in the room to manipulate. Whilst highly amusing to the students and still possible to explain why the algorithm doesn't work, you run the risk of missing the point (and hurting yourself !)

Alternative:
If manipulating students is unacceptable try having them write name badges. Pass a message to one student to write their name on the board showing encapsulated behaviour. Take the name badge of another student, copy the name onto the board and throw the badge into the nearest bin (return value not specified by algorithm). This works almost as well.


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