Beech site Col: Soil data																					

Soil classification:																					
																					
	Inceptisol (USDA);  Humic Alisol (FAO); brown soils. data from Matteucci et al. (2000)																				
 																					

Profile description																					
remarks:	data from Matteucci (2000)																				
	Soil description is for two different profiles: one on the valley side and the other on the valley bottom.																				
	Stoniness and % clay values are averages of both profile. Stoniness can be very variable.																				
	On soil description 100% is made up by clay and silt and sand; hence % stoniness and clay are not additive																				
	% C values come from T. Persson (2000b)																				
																					
Soil layer	Depth	Description ( in words)																			
	[cm]																				
L	2	Undecomposed and slightly decomposed beech leaves																			
FH	0	Soils on the valley side are well drained; moderately deep; the C horizon is made of limestone rock broken into fragments of 20-50 cm size; separated by large fissures where roots can easily penetrate.																			
0-10	0-10	Soil texture is very stony silt loam with a very stony silt-clay to silt-clay-loam A horizon. Stones are slightly weathered limestone. Cation exchange capacity is high and base saturation is also high. pH is neutral. Calcium carbonate in the fine earth is																			
10-20	10-20	absent. Soils are reddish with moderate content of crystalline iron minerals; presumably goetite and hematite; and some non-cristalline short range iron minerals (ferrydrite). Inorganic amorphous aluminium is also present in the lower part of the soil profile																			
20-30	20-30	while organically complessed aluminium dominates in the A horizon.																			
30-40	30-40	Soils in the valley bottom are well drained very deep. Soil texture is silt-clay-loam in the A horizons to silt-clay in the lower part of the profile. Cation exchange capacity is moderate. Base saturation is high in the A horizon but aluminium is the most important																			
40-50	40-50	exchangeable cation in the B horizon. Soil has a deep dark organic matter rich A horizon and a very deep B and BC horizon. Extractable carbon iron and aluminium are in amount comparable to the previous profile and similar conclusions can be drawn 																			
		about amorphous and cristalline forms.																			
		Soils are Inceptisols (brown soils) with high content of well humified base saturated organic matter. Profiles on the valley sides are more base saturated; profiles in the valley bottom also have a mollic epipedon but low base saturation in the B horizon.																			
		Both can be classified as Udolls belonging to different soil series.														 					
		Profile n. 1														 					
		· Date: July 28th; 1994																			
		· Beech stand 100 years old.																			
		· Topography and parent material: valley side on limestone. the parent rock is broken into fragments 20-50 cm; sufficiently isolated to allow root penetration. Elevation: 1500 m a.s.l.; North-West aspect; 23° slope.																			
		Soil profile description																			
		· Oi horizon cm 1-0.5 undecomposed beech leaves.																			
		· Oe horizon cm 0.5-0 slightly decomposed beech leaves.																			
		· A1 horizon cm 0-5/6; thickness cm 5-6; moist; dark reddish brown 5YR3/4; silt loam; strong fine and very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; plastic slightly sticky; abundant medium to very fine roots.																			
		Abrupt wavy boundary to:																			
		· A2 horizon cm 5/6-43/45; thickness cm 35-40; moist; dark reddish brown 5YR3/4; silt loam; 35% stones (slightly weathered limestone Ø cm 1-20); strong medium fine subangular blocky structure; friable; very plastic and sticky; abundant medium to very fine roots.																			
		Clear wavy boundary to:																			
		· BC horizon cm 43/45-80; thickness cm 35-40; moist; dark brown 7.5YR4/4; silt clay-silt clay loam; 50% stones (limestone Ø cm 1-20); strong medium fine subangular blocky structure; firm; very plastic and very sticky; common to few medium to fine roots.																			
		Gradual boundary to:																			
		· C horizon cm 80-100+; limestone stones with some silt clay; very plastic and very sticky fine earth interfilling.																			
		Profile n. 2																			
		· Date: July 28th; 1994																			
		· Beech stand 100 years old.																			
		· Topography and parent material: valley bottom on karst landscape. Sediments derived from erosion of the valley sides and from in situ karst corrosion of limestone rock. Piroclastic material added. Elevation: 1500 m a.s.l.; South aspect; 8° slope.																			
		Soil profile description																			
		· Oi horizon cm 2-1 undecomposed beech leaves.																			
		· Oe horizon cm 1-0 slightly decomposed beech leaves.																			
		· A1 horizon cm 0-4/6; thickness cm 4-6; moist; very dark brown 5YR3/2; silt clay loam; strong to medium fine crumb structure; very friable; plastic slightly sticky; frequent medium to very fine roots.																			
		Abrupt wavy boundary to:																			
		· A2 horizon cm 4/6-30; thickness cm 25-28; moist; dark reddish brown 5YR3/2; silt clay loam; friable; plastic slightly sticky; strong coarse and medium subangular blocky structure breaking into medium crumbs; frequent medium to very fine roots.																			
		Abrupt gradual boundary to:																			
		· A3 horizon cm 30-55/57; thickness cm 25-27; moist; dark reddish brown 5YR2.5/2; silt loam to loam; friable; plastic slightly sticky; strong coarse and medium subangular blocky structure breaking into medium crumbs; common medium to very fine roots.																			
		Abrupt wavy boundary to:																			
		· B1 horizon cm 55/57-85; thickness cm 28-32; moist; dark brown 7.5YR4/4; silt clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure breaking into fine subangular blocky; firm very plastic very sticky; few roots.																			
		Abrupt gradual boundary to:																			
		· B2 horizon cm 85-115+; moist; dark brown 7.5YR4/4; silt clay; very firm; very plastic very sticky; weak subangular blocky structure breaking into fine and medium angular blocky; very few roots.																			
																					

 	Soil density	Stoniness	% Clay	% Org C																	
Soil layer	[g cm-3]		[%]	[%]																	
L		0	0	37.35																	
FH		0	0	14.62																	
0-10	0.99	20	30.4	8.97																	
10-20	0.99	20	30.6	6.71																	
20-30		20	30.6	6.03																	
30-40		30	30.95	4.89																	
40-50		40	30.95	4.89																	
																					

Soil characteristics																					
remarks:	Data from T. Persson (2000a); method:  T Persson et al (2000)																				
	Sampling date 23-24 April 1996; number of samplings is 4. CEC and BS are determined from NH4OAc extractions at pH=7																				
	Al is extracted with 1M KCl and assumed to be Al3+																				
																					
	dry weight [g m-2]		%C		%N		pH(H2O)		pH(KCl)		CEC [mmolc kg-1]		BS [%]		Al [mmolc kg-1]						
Soil layer	mean	stdev	mean	stdev	mean	stdev	mean	stdev	mean	stdev	mean	stdev	mean	stdev	mean	stdev	 	 	 		
L	2050	447	37.35	2.73	1.81	0.16	5.89	0.39	5.20	0.08	672	44	81.02	0.80	0.49	0.35					
0-5	18690	3400	14.63	2.91	1.10	0.17	5.92	0.12	4.79	0.08	405	44	72.43	0.91	0.42	0.15					
5-10	31757	3267	8.97	0.90	0.73	0.07	5.45	0.14	4.06	0.11	233	64	61.47	19.74	27.61	10.90					
10-20	78759	5043	6.71	0.37	0.54	0.05	5.45	0.09	4.08	0.05	190	19	38.12	9.09	43.93	10.98					
20-30	58156	14950	6.03	0.46	0.48	0.05	5.50	0.07	4.13	0.04	170	12	33.54	8.78	44.84	10.30					
30-50	175497	50509	4.89	2.51	0.40	0.22	5.60	0.22	4.18	0.05	148	9	32.87	13.87	39.21	7.72					




Cation exchange capacity and exchangeable fractions																					
remarks:	data from Matteucci et al. (2000)																				
	 																				
 					exchangeable																
					cations																
	 	CEC	Base saturation	pH-H2O	Al																
Soil layer	year	[mmolc kg-1]	[%]		[molc kg-1]																
L	1996			5.89																	
FH	1996			5.92																	
0-10	1994	186	high	5.6	0																
	1996	 		5.45	 																
10-20	1994	157	high	5.7	20																
	1996	 		5.45	 																
20-30	1994	157	high	5.7	20																
	1996	 		5.5	 																
30-40	1994	137	moderate	6	30																
	1996	 		5.6	 																
40-50	1994	137	moderate	6	30																
	1996			5.6																	



 																					
Soil water retention characteristics																					
remarks:	no data available																				


Actual soil moisture content																					
remarks:	data from Matteucci et al. (2000)																				
	Measured with TDR technique on 5 permanent profiles (0-100 cm). Measuring probe is 20 cm long.																				
	Measurements are done at 0-20; 30-50; 50-70; 70-90 cm and started september 1996																				
	The values 0-10 and 10-20 cm are the same and 30-40 40-50 as well.																				
																					
		Mean actual soil moisture content [m3 m-3]																			
 	 	Soil layer																			
year	month	0-10	10-20	20-30	30-40	40-50 															
1996	9	0.371	0.371		0.339	0.339															
1996	10	0.419	0.419		0.647	0.647															
																					
1997	4	0.654	0.654		0.702	0.702															
1997	5	0.335	0.335		0.541	0.541															
1997	6	0.352	0.352		0.596	0.596															
1997	7	0.205	0.205		0.296	0.296
1997	8	0.148	0.148		0.209	0.209
1997	9	0.177	0.177		0.230	0.230
1997	10	0.232	0.232		0.258	0.258
1997	11	0.379	0.379		0.581	0.581
1997	12	0.333	0.333		0.576	0.576
