The standard LNRE model based on the lognormal distribution. Since there are no closed-form expressions for estimating the parameters of the lognormal model, the program asks the user whether to use downhill simplex minimization or to provide interactive user-guided minimization. In the case downhill simplex minimization is selected, the program calculates E[V(N)] and for Z=200 and sigma = 1.5. The user is offered the choice between using these parameters as starting point for minimization, or to specify another starting point. By default, cost function C_1 is used. In order to use cost function C_{2}(r), use the -e option.
input
text.spc: frequency spectrum
options
-h: display on-line help
-mW: number of ranks in fit is set to W (default: 15)
-kX: number of chunks for interpolation is set to X (default: 20)
-KY: number of chunks for extrapolation is set to Y (default: 20)
-EZ: extrapolation sample size is set to Z (default: 2N_0)
-H: input files do not have a header (default: header is presupposed)
-eR: use cost function C_{2}(r) with r=R
-sS: calculate only the expected spectrum for S ranks, output on textC.fsp
-Nn: force N to equal n (in case of a partial spectrum)
-Vv: force V(N) to equal v (in case of a partial spectrum)
output
text_C.spc: observed and expected frequency spectrum
m: m (frequency)
Vm: V(m,N) (frequency at sample size N)
EVm: E[V(m,N)] (expected frequency at sample size N)
text_C.fsp: expected frequency spectrum
m: m (frequency)
EVm: E[V(m,N)] (expected frequency at sample size N)
text_C.sp2: expected frequency spectrum at 2N
m: m (frequency)
EVm2N: E[V(m,2N)] (expected frequency at sample size 2N)
text_C.ev2: vocabulary size statistics
V: V(N) (observed vocabulary size at N)
EV: E[V(N)] (expected vocabulary size at N)
EV2N: E[V(2N)] (expected vocabulary size at 2N)
text_C.sum: summary statistics and estimated parameters
N: N (number of tokens)
V(N): V(N) (observed number of types)
E[V(N)]: E[V(N)] (expected number of types)
V(1,N): V(1,N) (observed number of hapax legomena)
E[V(1,N)]: E[V(1,N)] (expected number of hapax legomena)
Z: Z = e^{-mu} (parameter)
mean: mu (mean)
stdev: sigma (standard deviation)
S: S (population number of types)
text_C.int, text_C.ext: interpolation and extrapolation statistics
N: N (number of tokens)
E[V(N)]: E[V(N)] (expected number of types)
Alpha1: E[alpha(1)] (E[V(1,N)]/E[V(N)])
EV1-5: E[V(1-5,N)] (expected spectrum elements)
GV: E[V(N+1)] - E[V(N)] (token-unit growth rate)
technical details
The integrals of the lognormal model are evaluated by means of Rombergintegration for the interval [0.000001, 1000.0], using the subroutine qromb of Press et al. (1988). The downhill simplex minimization method is used for parameter estimation, using the subroutine amoeba of Press et al. (1988).