An Overview of Data and References Used in the Project

	Spatial Resolution (No. sites)	Temporal Resolution/ Time step	Source
Model Inputs
Precipitation and temperature	7 stations	50 yr/daily	EARTHINFO[1]
Wind speed, humidity	2 stations	5 yr/daily	EARTHINFO[1]
Forest:
Tree growth dynamics	species level	1/yr	NE TWIGS FVS[2, 3]
Nutrient dynamics	E US/20 sites	1/yr	Johnson and Lindberg [4]
Wetlands:
Nutrient retention rates	Pax R/ 6 sites	one time	CEES[5] JHU[6]
Stock values	225 locations	7 to 10 /yr	CBP [7]
Population dynamics	mesocosms	biweekly	MEERC[8]
Agriculture:
BMP parameters:
Fertilizer applications	state	annual	UM-Ag. Extension[9, 10]
Nutrient reduction/retention rates	state/by county	annual	CBP/UM-Ag. Extension[11]; MOP[12]
Population dynamics	1 point	4000 yr/ 1d	EPIC model database[13]
Soil interactions	0.1 km2	daily	WEPP model database[14]
Urban:
Percentage impervious surface	landuse /type	none	MOP [38]; SCS [15]
Nutrients in runoff	landuse/ soil	event	NURP US EPA[16]
Point source nitrogen	all NPDES	10 yr/monthly	MDE
Urban BMP efficiencies	counties	event	MOP[12]
GIS coverages
Land use	200m; 30m	1984-94 / 5x	MOP[17] NOAA[18]EPA[19]
River network	200m	none	U.S. Census Bureau [20]
Soils	200m	none	MOP, STATSGO[21]
Elevation	3 arcsec	none	DEM USGS[22]
Watershed boundary	200m	none	based on elevation
Estuarine bathymetry	200m	none	NOAA/NOS [23]
Roads and towns	vector	none	U.S. Census Bureau [20]
Groundwater (initial)	200m	1985	USGS[24], elev., river
Streamflow	13 stations	1979-95/daily	USGS [25]
Surface water quality	13 stations	10 yr /bi-weekly	CBP[26] ACB[27]
Groundwater levels	16 stations	5 yr /monthly	USGS[24]
Groundwater quality	105 stations	1973-90 1x/well	MDE[28], USGS[29]
NDVI (Green index)	1250m	1993/monthly	USGS[30]
Forest dynamics	187 sites	10 yr /10 yr	FIA [31]
Tree ring data	11 sites	175 yr /1 yr	NOAA[32], IEE
Agricultural census data	state and county	50 yr /5 yr	USDA[33]; USBC[34, 35] DHMH[36]
Urban development	3 arcsec	1792-1992/ 13x	BWRC[37]

    Notes: The model was developed from extensive data sets collected for the Patuxent watershed by various governmental agencies, academic institutions, and research programs. Unless otherwise noted, spatial and temporal resolution refer to the source data. Data source information is given in the reference in brackets after the table.

1. EARTHINFO, I., NCDC Summary of the Day. East 1993. 1993, EARTHINFO, Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA.
2. Bush, R. R., Northeastern TWIGS Variant of the Forest Vegetation Simulator. 1995. Forest Management Service Center.
3. USDA Forest Service. The Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) and Insect and Pathogen Models. [25 March 2002; Online, URL: <http://forest.moscowfsl.wsu.edu/4155/fvs.html>.]
4. Johnson, D. W., and S. E. Lindberg. 1992. Atmospheric deposition and forest nutrient cycling: a synthesis of the integrated forest study. Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, USA.
5. Zelenke, J. L., and J. C. Cornwell. 1996. Nutrient Retention in the Patuxent River Marshes. Horn Point Environmental Laboratory, University of Maryland, Cambridge, Maryland, USA.
6. Kahn, H., and G. S. Brush. 1994. Nutrient and metal accumulation in a freshwater tidal marsh. Estuaries 17(2):345-360.
7. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program. The Biological Data and Information Page. [25 March 2002; Online, URL: <http://www.chesapeakebay.net/data/index.htm>.]
8. Multiscale Experimental Ecosystem Research Center - MEERC. Welcome to the MEERC World Wide Web (W3) Server. [16 June 2001; Online, URL: <http://www.hpl.umces.edu/meerc/>.]
9. Bandel, V. A., Heger, E. A., MASCAP - Maryland's Agronomic Soil Capability Assessment Program. 1994, University of Maryland Cooperative Extension Service and Department of Agronomy in cooperation with USDA Soil Conservation Service: College Park, Maryland, USA.
10. Coale, F. 1995. Fertilizer application rate and timing. Cooperative Extension Service, College Park, Maryland, USA.
11. Steinhilber, P. 1995. FY 95 New Plan Fertilizer N, P205, and K20 reductions for selected crops. Nutrient Management Program.
12. Nonpoint Source Assessment and Accounting System. 1993. Maryland Office of Planning and Maryland Dept. of Environment.
13. Williams, J. R., P. T. Dyke, and C. A. Jones. 1983. EPIC: a model for assessing the effects of erosion on soil productivity. Pages 553-572 in W. K. Laurenroth et al., editors. Analysis of Ecological Systems: State-of-the-Art in Ecological Modeling. Elsevier: Amsterdam.
14. National Soil Erosion Laboratory. Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP). [16 June 2001; Online, URL: <http://topsoil.nserl.purdue.edu/nserlweb/weppmain/main.html>.]
15. Soil Conservation Service, Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds. 1975. USDA Soil Conservation Service, Engineering Division.
16. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Results of the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program. 1983. Water Planning Division: Washington, DC, USA.
17. Maryland Department of Planning, Maryland State Data Center. [25 March 2002; Online, URL: <http://www.mdp.state.md.us/msdc/.>]
18. USDC NOAA Coastal Service Center, C-CAP. Coastal Change Analysis Program. [25 March 2002; Online, URL: <http://www.csc.noaa.gov/crs/ccap_index.html.>]
19. Vogelmann, J. 1996. MRLC landuse coverages for 1992-93 . EROS Data Center.
20. U.S.Census Bureau, TIGER: The Coast to Coast Digital Map Database. [16 June 2001; Online, URL: <http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/.>]
21. NRCS USDA, State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) Data Base. [25 March 2002; Online, URL: <http://www.ftw.nrcs.usda.gov/stat_data.html>.]
22. USGS, USGS Digital Elevation Model Data. [16 June 2001; Online, URL: <http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/glis/hyper/guide/usgs_dem>.]
23. NOAA/National Ocean Service, MapFinder. Preview Demonstration of August 1997 Offering. [16 June 2001; Online, URL: <http://mapindex.nos.noaa.gov/.>]
24. James, R. W. J., J. F. Horlein, B. F. Strain, and M. J. Smigaj. 1990. Water Resources Data. Maryland and Delaware. Water year 1990. Volume 1. Atlantic Slope Basins, Delaware River through Patuxent River. U.S. Geological Survey: Towson, Maryland, USA.
25. USGS, Maryland Surface-Water Data Retrieval. [16 June 2001; Online, URL: <http://h2o.usgs.gov/swr/MD/>.]
26. EPA Chesapeake Bay Program. Water Quality Monitoring. Data Sets and Documentation. [25 March 2002; Online, URL: <http://www.chesapeakebay.net/data/index.cfm?SubjectArea=WATER_QUALITY>.]
27. Judd, M. 1996. Citizen Monitoring Data. Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay.
28. Wilde, F. D. 1994. Geochemistry and Factors affecting ground-water Quality at Three Storm-Water-Management sites in Maryland. Department of Natural Resources Maryland Geological Survey in cooperation with USGS, Maryland Department of the Environment and the Governor's Commission on Chesapeake Bay Initiatives.
 
29. McFarland, E. R. 1995. Relation of Land Use to Nitrogen Concentration in Ground Water in the Patuxent River Basin Maryland. USGS, Reston, Virginia, USA.
 
30. Jones, J. 1996.  Normalized-Difference Vegetation Index.  Research and Applications Group, USGS, Reston, Virginia, USA.
  
31. Hansen, M. H., T. Frieswyk, J. F.  Glover, and J. F.  Kelly. The Eastwide Forest Inventory and Analysis Data Base: Users Manual. [16 June 2001; Online, URL: <http://www.srsfia.usfs.msstate.edu/ewman.htm>.]
32. NOAA Paleoclimatology Program. Tree Ring Data. [16 June 2001; Online, URL: <http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html.>.] 
33. Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture ERS Databases. [16 June 2001; Online, URL: <http://www.ers.usda.gov/Data/>.]
  
34. Bureau of the Census. 1987 Census of Agriculture. Volume 1. Geographic Area Series Part 20. Maryland, State and County Data. 1989, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC, USA.
  
35. Government Information Sharing Project: Oregon State University - Information service,  Census of Agriculture: 1982, 1987, 1992. [16 June 2001; Online, URL: <http://govinfo.kerr.orst.edu/ag-stateis.html>.]
  
36. Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. 1986. Description of the Patuxent Watershed Nonpoint Source Water Quality Monitoring and Modeling Program Data Base and Data Base Management System. MDE, Office of Environmental Programs, Water Management Administration, Division of Modeling and Analysis.
  
37. Baltimore - Washington Regional Collaboratory, 200 Years of Spatial Data. UMBS, NASA, USGS, http://baltimore.umbc.edu/bwc/.
38. Maryland Office of Planning. 1973. Natural Soil Groups of Maryland Technical Report. Maryland Department of State Planning. December, 1973 No. 199.

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