# An Overview of Cycle-Time Concepts

Imagine that you and three of your colleagues have been asked to run an obstacle course. You start at 1:00 PM, and complete the course at 1:35 PM. The first of your colleagues begins at 1:05 PM, and completes the course at 1:42 PM. The second colleague begins at 1:10 PM, and, being somewhat more athletic than you, completes the course at 1:35 PM. The third starts at 1:15 PM, gets stuck somewhere, and exits the course at 2:15 PM. Because you know the start and completion time for each person in the group, you can calculate a wealth of useful information about the time that individuals (or groups of individuals) have spent "in process."

This little obstacle course example can be represented nicely as a stock/flow map. Figure 10-1, for example, maps a four-stage course. As the Figure suggests, incorporating cycle-time metrics into a model is quite easy.

Figure 10-1 Representing an Obstacle Course

You'll note two distinctive features in the map of Figure 10-1. First, the flow starting the course looks a bit like the face of a clock. The clock face on the flow indicates that the flow has been time-stamped. Whenever material moves through the flow, it will be stamped with the current simulation time. Time-stamping establishes a starting time, for the purposes of generating cycle-time metrics.

Second, the downstream flow completing the course has been connected to the converter called course completion time. This converter also displays the face of a clock - but the face is partially filled. This partially-filled clock face indicates that the converter contains a cycle-time Builtin function. When material moves through the downstream flow, the Builtin will use the material's starting time information, in conjunction with the current simulation time, to calculate a cycle-time metric.